NM_024915.4:c.26A>C

Variant names:

• chr8-101543246-A-C
• rs3735709
• NM_024915.4:c.26A>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 1 ACMG points: 2P and 1B. PM2 BP4

The NM_024915.4(GRHL2):​c.26A>C​(p.Lys9Thr) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000137 in 1,461,410 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. No clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar. Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. K9R) has been classified as Benign.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000014 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: GRHL2 NM_024915.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Not reported in ClinVar
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.43
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

GRHL2 (HGNC:2799): (grainyhead like transcription factor 2) The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that can act as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with either GRHL1 or GRHL3. Defects in this gene are a cause of non-syndromic sensorineural deafness autosomal dominant type 28 (DFNA28).[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

GRHL2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 28

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, PanelApp Australia
• posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: G2P, Orphanet
• nail and teeth abnormalities-marginal palmoplantar keratoderma-oral hyperpigmentation syndrome

  Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG, MODERATE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Orphanet, G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles

  Inheritance: Unknown Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 1 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.28834498).

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_024915.4. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GRHL2	NM_024915.4	MANE Select	c.26A>C	p.Lys9Thr	missense	Exon 2 of 16	NP_079191.2	Q6ISB3-1
	GRHL2	NM_001440447.1		c.26A>C	p.Lys9Thr	missense	Exon 2 of 16	NP_001427376.1
	GRHL2	NM_001330593.2		c.-23A>C		5_prime_UTR	Exon 2 of 16	NP_001317522.1	Q6ISB3-2

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GRHL2	ENST00000646743.1	MANE Select	c.26A>C	p.Lys9Thr	missense	Exon 2 of 16	ENSP00000495564.1	Q6ISB3-1
	GRHL2	ENST00000472106.2	TSL:1	n.354A>C		non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 2 of 2
	GRHL2	ENST00000907653.1		c.26A>C	p.Lys9Thr	missense	Exon 2 of 14	ENSP00000577712.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000137 AC: 2 AN: 1461410 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 727068

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Exomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5.

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33470

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44718

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26130

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39698

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86250

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53418

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5766

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000180 AC: 2 AN: 1111576

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60384

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD4 Exomes is highly skewed from 0.5 (p-value = 0.00000000770867), which strongly suggests a high chance of mosaicism in these individuals.

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Not reported in ClinVar

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Uncertain	0.49
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.043	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.30
CADD	Benign	23
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.16	T
Eigen	Uncertain	0.50
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.59
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	1.0	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.88	D
M_CAP	Benign	0.028	D
MetaRNN	Benign	0.29	T
MetaSVM	Benign	-1.1	T
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.5	M
PhyloP100		7.4
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.77	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-2.1	N
REVEL	Benign	0.18
Sift	Uncertain	0.0040	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0060	D
Polyphen		0.25	B
Vest4		0.40
MutPred		0.24		Loss of ubiquitination at K9 (P = 6e-04)
MVP		0.093
MPC		1.2
ClinPred		0.91	D
GERP RS		6.0
Varity_R		0.28
gMVP		0.65
Mutation Taster		=55/45	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs3735709; hg19: chr8-102555474;