NM_078470.6:c.452C>G

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 16 ACMG points: 16P and 0B. PVS1PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_078470.6(COX15):c.452C>G(p.Ser151*) variant causes a stop gained change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00033 in 1,614,074 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.00028 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.00034 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

COX15
NM_078470.6 stop_gained

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:9

Conservation

PhyloP100: 5.77

Publications

6 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

COX15 (HGNC:2263): (cytochrome c oxidase assembly homolog COX15) Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. This component is a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits function in electron transfer, and the nuclear-encoded subunits may function in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This nuclear gene encodes a protein which is not a structural subunit, but may be essential for the biogenesis of COX formation and may function in the hydroxylation of heme O, according to the yeast mutant studies. This protein is predicted to contain 5 transmembrane domains localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Alternative splicing of this gene generates two transcript variants diverging in the 3' region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

COX15 links:

ENSG00000285932 (HGNC:):

ENSG00000285932 links:

CUTC (HGNC:24271): (cutC copper transporter) Members of the CUT family of copper transporters are associated with copper homeostasis and are involved in the uptake, storage, delivery, and efflux of copper (Gupta et al., 1995 [PubMed 7635807]; Li et al., 2005 [PubMed 16182249]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

CUTC links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 16 ACMG points.

PVS1

Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.

PP5

Variant 10-99727098-G-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr10-99727098-G-C is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 496238.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
COX15	NM_078470.6 link	c.452C>G	p.Ser151*	stop_gained	Exon 4 of 9	ENST00000016171.6	NP_510870.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein
COX15	ENST00000016171.6 link	c.452C>G	p.Ser151*	stop_gained	Exon 4 of 9	1	NM_078470.6	ENSP00000016171.6
COX15	ENST00000370483.9 link	c.452C>G	p.Ser151*	stop_gained	Exon 4 of 9	1		ENSP00000359514.5
ENSG00000285932	ENST00000649102.1 link	n.396-27C>G		intron_variant	Intron 3 of 12			ENSP00000497114.1
CUTC	ENST00000493385.5 link	n.309+3988G>C		intron_variant	Intron 2 of 4	3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.000283

AC:

AN:

152196

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.000169

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.0000655

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.0000942

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.000500

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.000251

AC:

AN:

251470

AF XY:

0.000272

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.0000615

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.000545

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.000335

AC:

490

AN:

1461878

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000336

AC XY:

244

AN XY:

727238

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000896

AC:

AN:

33480

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26136

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39700

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86256

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53416

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000426

AC:

474

AN:

1112002

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.000215

AC:

AN:

60396

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.464

Heterozygous variant carriers

111

139

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

100

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.000283

AC:

AN:

152196

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000309

AC XY:

AN XY:

74348

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.000169

AC:

AN:

41452

American (AMR)

AF:

0.0000655

AC:

AN:

15278

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3470

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5192

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4830

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.0000942

AC:

AN:

10618

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000500

AC:

AN:

68038

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2090

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.489

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.000356

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.000215

TwinsUK

AF:

0.000539

AC:

ALSPAC

AF:

0.00104

AC:

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.000227

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000233

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.000222

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.000763

EpiControl

AF:

0.000356

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:9

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided

Pathogenic:3

Dec 08, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Ser151*) in the COX15 gene. It is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. Loss-of-function variants in COX15 are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 15863660, 21412973). This variant is present in population databases (rs149718203, gnomAD 0.05%). This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individual(s) with mitochondrial complex IV deficiency (PMID: 15863660, 21412973, 33746038). This variant is also known as 503C>G (H152X). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 496238). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Feb 16, 2025

Laboratory of Genetics, Children's Clinical University Hospital Latvia

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Jul 10, 2024

GeneDx

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Nonsense variant predicted to result in protein truncation or nonsense mediated decay in a gene for which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 21412973, 22310368, 33171185, 32232962, 31345219, 15863660, 33746038) -

Leigh syndrome

Pathogenic:2

Dec 14, 2023

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:research

- -

Jan 09, 2022

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: COX15 c.452C>G (p.Ser151X) results in a premature termination codon, predicted to cause a truncation of the encoded protein or absence of the protein due to nonsense mediated decay, which are commonly known mechanisms for disease. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00025 in 251510 control chromosomes. This frequency is not significantly higher than expected for a pathogenic variant in COX15 causing Leigh Syndrome (0.00025 vs 0.0013), allowing no conclusion about variant significance. c.452C>G has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with Leigh Syndrome and subsequently cited by others (example, Bugiani_2005, Invernizzi_2012, Alfadhel_2011, Halperin_2020, Miryounesi_2016, de Oliveira_2021). At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function. The most pronounced variant effect results in 10%-<30% of normal complex IV activity in patient derived muscle and fibroblast samples (Bugiani 2005, Alfadhel 2011). One clinical diagnostic laboratory has submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation and classified the variant as pathogenic. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

Cardioencephalomyopathy, fatal infantile, due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency 2

Pathogenic:2

Apr 01, 2011

OMIM

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:literature only

- -

Jan 08, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

COX15-related disorder

Pathogenic:1

May 28, 2024

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

The COX15 c.452C>G variant is predicted to result in premature protein termination (p.Ser151*). This variant has been reported in the compound heterozygous state in individuals with COX15-related disease (Bugiani et al. 2005. PubMed ID: 15863660; Alfadhel et al. 2011. PubMed ID: 21412973; Galvão de Oliveira et al. 2021. PubMed ID: 33746038). This variant is reported in 0.051% of alleles in individuals of European (Non-Finnish) descent in gnomAD. Nonsense variants in COX15 are expected to be pathogenic. This variant is interpreted as pathogenic. -

See cases

Pathogenic:1

Dec 07, 2020

Laboratorio de Genetica e Diagnostico Molecular, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

ACMG classification criteria: PVS1, PS4, PM2, PM3 -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.30

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.63

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.90

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.77

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.96

PhyloP100

5.8

Vest4

0.80

GERP RS

4.4

Mutation Taster

=17/183

disease causing (ClinVar)

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.070

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over