chr1-68446862-T-A

Variant names:

• chr1-68446862-T-A
• rs61751279
• NM_000329.3:c.95-2A>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 14 ACMG points: 14P and 0B. PM2_Supporting PP1 PP4_Moderate PVS1 PM3

This summary comes from the ClinGen Evidence Repository: The NM_000329.3(RPE65):c.95-2A>T variant disrupts a canonical splice site in intron 2 and is predicted to lead to skipping of a critical exon in which missense variants have previously been established as a mechanism of disease (PVS1). At least 6 probands have been reported with this variant, one of whom displayed markedly impaired night vision (0.5 pts), reduced visual acuity 20/60 from an early age (1 pt), nystagmus (1 pt), RPE demelanization (0.5 pts), poor pupillary light response (0.5 pts), significant outer nuclear layer preservation for the severity of visual loss (1 pt), nondetectable ERG responses from rods (0.5 pts) and cones (1 pt), and minimal autofluorescence (2 pts), which together are highly specific for RPE65 retinopathy (8 pts total, PP4_Moderate, PMID:20604683). The proband's affected sibling II:2 is also homozygous for this variant (PP1). At least 3 probands with the required phenotype of extinguished ERG harbor the variant in the homozygous state (1 point, PMID:20604683, PMID:17724218, PMID:15024725, PM3). This variant is present in gnomAD v.2.1.1 at a GrpMax allele frequency of 0.00002298, with 3 alleles / 34592 total alleles in the Admixed American population, which is lower than the ClinGen LCA / eoRD VCEP PM2_Supporting threshold of <0.0002 (PM2_Supporting). In summary, this variant meets the criteria to be classified as Pathogenic for RPE65-related recessive retinopathy based on the ACMG/AMP criteria applied, as specified by the ClinGen LCA/eoRD VCEP: PVS1, PP4_Moderate, PM2_Supporting, PM3, and PP1. (VCEP specifications version 1.0.0; date of approval 09/21/2023). LINK:https://erepo.genome.network/evrepo/ui/classification/CA226591/MONDO:0100368/120

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.000013 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000068 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: RPE65 NM_000329.3 splice_acceptor, intron
• Scores: Splicing: ADA: 1.000
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic reviewed by expert panel P:15 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.67
• Publications: 10 publications found

Genes affected

RPE65 (HGNC:10294): (retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65) The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the vitamin A visual cycle of the retina which supplies the 11-cis retinal chromophore of the photoreceptors opsin visual pigments. It is a member of the carotenoid cleavage oxygenase superfamily. All members of this superfamily are non-heme iron oxygenases with a seven-bladed propeller fold and oxidatively cleave carotenoid carbon:carbon double bonds. However, the protein encoded by this gene has acquired a divergent function that involves the concerted O-alkyl ester cleavage of its all-trans retinyl ester substrate and all-trans to 11-cis double bond isomerization of the retinyl moiety. As such, it performs the essential enzymatic isomerization step in the synthesis of 11-cis retinal. Mutations in this gene are associated with early-onset severe blinding disorders such as Leber congenital. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2017]

RPE65 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• retinitis pigmentosa

  Inheritance: AD, AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, G2P
• Leber congenital amaurosis 2

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• RPE65-related recessive retinopathy

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Ambry Genetics
• RPE65-related dominant retinopathy

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: ClinGen
• retinitis pigmentosa 20

  Inheritance: AR, AD Classification: STRONG, LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics
• Leber congenital amaurosis

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• severe early-childhood-onset retinal dystrophy

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• retinitis pigmentosa 87 with choroidal involvement

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics

LOC124904198 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 14 ACMG points.

• PVS1: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PM2: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PM3: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PP1: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PP4: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000329.3. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	RPE65	NM_000329.3	MANE Select	c.95-2A>T		splice_acceptor intron	N/A	NP_000320.1
	RPE65	NM_001406853.1		c.95-2A>T		splice_acceptor intron	N/A	NP_001393782.1
	RPE65	NM_001406856.1		c.-32+1762A>T		intron	N/A	NP_001393785.1

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	RPE65	ENST00000262340.6	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.95-2A>T		splice_acceptor intron	N/A	ENSP00000262340.5
	RPE65	ENST00000713936.1		n.95-2A>T		splice_acceptor intron	N/A	ENSP00000519233.1
	RPE65	ENST00000713937.1		n.95-2A>T		splice_acceptor intron	N/A	ENSP00000519234.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000131 AC: 2 AN: 152218 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.0000654

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000147

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.0000199 AC: 5 AN: 251428 AF XY: 0.0000221

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.0000867

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000176

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000684 AC: 10 AN: 1460934 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000963 AC XY: 7 AN XY: 726796

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33452

American (AMR) AF: 0.0000671 AC: 3 AN: 44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26136

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39700

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86202

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53418

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4984

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000360 AC: 4 AN: 1112010

Other (OTH) AF: 0.0000497 AC: 3 AN: 60308

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000131 AC: 2 AN: 152218 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 74364

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 41454

American (AMR) AF: 0.0000654 AC: 1 AN: 15284

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3470

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5204

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4826

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10624

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 316

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000147 AC: 1 AN: 68034

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2094

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000227

ESP6500AA AF: 0.00 AC: 0

ESP6500EA AF: 0.000116 AC: 1

ExAC AF: 0.00000824 AC: 1

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions as Germline

Significance: Pathogenic

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
3	-	-	Leber congenital amaurosis (3)
3	-	-	not provided (4)
2	-	-	Leber congenital amaurosis 2 (2)
2	-	-	Leber congenital amaurosis 2;C3151086:Retinitis pigmentosa 20 (2)
2	-	-	RPE65-related recessive retinopathy (2)
1	-	-	Leber congenital amaurosis 2;C3151086:Retinitis pigmentosa 20;C5231465:Retinitis pigmentosa 87 with choroidal involvement (1)
1	-	-	Retinal dystrophy (1)
1	-	-	Retinitis pigmentosa 20 (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.49	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.37
CADD	Pathogenic	33
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Pathogenic	1.1
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	1.0
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
PhyloP100		7.7
GERP RS		5.9
Mutation Taster		=0/100	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA	Pathogenic	1.0
dbscSNV1_RF	Pathogenic	0.93
SpliceAI score (max)		0.98		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_AG_spliceai		0.44		Position offset: -6
DS_AL_spliceai		0.98		Position offset: -2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs61751279; hg19: chr1-68912545;