chr10-43106469-G-A

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points: 0P and 2B. BP4_Moderate

The NM_020975.6(RET):c.961G>A(p.Gly321Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000533 in 1,613,150 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 15/21 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000085 ( 0 hom., cov: 33)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000050 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

RET
NM_020975.6 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:11B:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 0.268

Variant links:

Genes affected

RET (HGNC:9967): (ret proto-oncogene) This gene encodes a transmembrane receptor and member of the tyrosine protein kinase family of proteins. Binding of ligands such as GDNF (glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor) and other related proteins to the encoded receptor stimulates receptor dimerization and activation of downstream signaling pathways that play a role in cell differentiation, growth, migration and survival. The encoded receptor is important in development of the nervous system, and the development of organs and tissues derived from the neural crest. This proto-oncogene can undergo oncogenic activation through both cytogenetic rearrangement and activating point mutations. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hirschsprung disease and central hypoventilation syndrome and have been identified in patients with renal agenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]

RET links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.103147626).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
RET	NM_020975.6 link	c.961G>A	p.Gly321Arg	missense_variant	Exon 5 of 20	ENST00000355710.8	NP_066124.1	P07949-1A0A024R7T2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
RET	ENST00000355710.8 link	c.961G>A	p.Gly321Arg	missense_variant	Exon 5 of 20	5	NM_020975.6	ENSP00000347942.3		P07949-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000854

AC:

AN:

152144

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.000121

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.000196

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000735

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000766

AC:

AN:

247910

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000744

AC XY:

AN XY:

134492

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.0000628

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.0000291

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.000110

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.000134

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000500

AC:

AN:

1461006

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000495

AC XY:

AN XY:

726764

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.0000598

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.0000672

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.000202

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.0000116

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.0000504

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.0000497

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000854

AC:

AN:

152144

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000135

AC XY:

AN XY:

74310

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.000121

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.000196

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000735

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.000151

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.000117

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000116

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.0000989

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.00

EpiControl

AF:

0.000178

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:11Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided

Uncertain:3

Oct 20, 2023

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Dec 01, 2023

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

RET: PM2, BP4 -

Nov 03, 2021

Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital TU Dresden, University Hospital TU Dresden

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

not specified

Uncertain:2

Dec 21, 2020

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

DNA sequence analysis of the RET gene demonstrated a sequence change, c.961G>A, in exon 5 that results in an amino acid change, p.Gly321Arg. This sequence change has been described in the gnomAD database with a frequency of 0.012% in the European sub-population (dbSNP rs377767388). The p.Gly321Arg change has been reported in a family with medullary thyroid cancer and/or C cell hyperplasia; however, the sequence change did not segregate with disease in the family (PMID: 16419493). The p.Gly321Arg change affects a poorly conserved amino acid residue located in a domain of the RET protein that is known to be functional. The p.Gly321Arg substitution appears to be benign using several in-silico pathogenicity prediction tools (SIFT, PolyPhen2, Align GVGD, REVEL). Due to these contrasting evidences and the lack of functional studies, the clinical significance of the p.Gly321Arg change remains unknown at this time. -

Mar 04, 2025

Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Uncertain:1Benign:1

Mar 09, 2022

Sema4, Sema4

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: curation

- -

Apr 15, 2020

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A

Uncertain:1

Jul 02, 2018

Mendelics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Hirschsprung disease, susceptibility to, 1

Uncertain:1

Oct 30, 2023

Baylor Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2

Uncertain:1

Feb 03, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 321 of the RET protein (p.Gly321Arg). This variant is present in population databases (rs377767388, gnomAD 0.01%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with thyroid cancer (PMID: 16419493, 27014708). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 24881). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function outputs the following: PolyPhen-2: "Benign". The arginine amino acid residue is found in multiple mammalian species, which suggests that this missense change does not adversely affect protein function. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

Uncertain:1

Jun 01, 2014

CSER _CC_NCGL, University of Washington

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: research

Low GERP score may suggest that this variant may belong in a lower pathogenicity class -

RET-related disorder

Uncertain:1

Oct 08, 2023

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The RET c.961G>A variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Gly321Arg. This variant has been reported as potentially causative for familial medullary thyroid carcinoma, and co-segregated with medullary thyroid carcinoma in two patients, but was also identified in two family members without disease at time of publication (Dvorakova et al. 2005. PubMed ID: 16419493). This variant has also been reported in individuals with breast cancer (Table S3, Guindalini et al. 2022. PubMed ID: 35264596), a patient with PTEN-negative Cowden syndrome (Table S9, Yehia et al. 2018. PubMed ID: 29684080), and an individual with advanced cancer (Supplement 2, eTable, Mandelker et al. 2017. PubMed ID: 28873162). Using online prediction tools, other studies have reported this variant as benign (Crockett et al. 2011. PubMed ID: 21479187) and a variant of uncertain significance (Table S1, Amendola et al. 2015. PubMed ID: 25637381; Table S1, Dorschner et al. 2013. PubMed ID: 24055113). Functional studies found this variant has no evidence it is an activating variant (Kovac et al. 2020. PubMed ID: 32179705). This variant is reported in 0.012% of alleles in individuals of African descent in gnomAD (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/10-43601917-G-A) and has conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity of likely benign and uncertain in ClinVar (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/24881/). At this time, the clinical significance of this variant is uncertain due to the absence of conclusive functional and genetic evidence. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.087

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.13

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.19

CADD

Benign

DANN

Benign

0.91

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.44

T;.;.

Eigen

Benign

-1.1

Eigen_PC

Benign

-1.1

FATHMM_MKL

Benign

0.043

LIST_S2

Benign

0.67

T;T;T

M_CAP

Benign

0.032

MetaRNN

Benign

0.10

T;T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-0.98

MutationAssessor

Benign

1.1

L;.;L

PrimateAI

Benign

0.35

PROVEAN

Benign

-1.6

N;.;N

REVEL

Uncertain

0.43

Sift

Benign

0.23

T;.;T

Sift4G

Benign

0.56

T;T;T

Polyphen

0.0070

B;.;B

Vest4

0.22

MutPred

0.69

Gain of solvent accessibility (P = 0.019);Gain of solvent accessibility (P = 0.019);Gain of solvent accessibility (P = 0.019);

MVP

0.94

MPC

0.24

ClinPred

0.016

GERP RS

-1.3

Varity_R

0.11

gMVP

0.68

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.010

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over