chr19-11113639-T-C

Position:

• chr19-11113639-T-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 11 ACMG points: 11P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3_Strong PP5

The ENST00000558518.6(LDLR):​c.1463T>C​(p.Ile488Thr) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000131 in 152,126 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. I488N) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: 𝑓 0.000013 (0 hom., cov: 32)
• Consequence: LDLR ENST00000558518.6 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:6 U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 6.19

Genes affected

LDLR (HGNC:6547): (low density lipoprotein receptor) The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family consists of cell surface proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of specific ligands. The encoded protein is normally bound at the cell membrane, where it binds low density lipoprotein/cholesterol and is taken into the cell. Lysosomes release the cholesterol, which is made available for repression of microsomal enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. At the same time, a reciprocal stimulation of cholesterol ester synthesis takes place. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal dominant disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 11 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 13 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 1 benign, 9 uncertain in ENST00000558518.6
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr19-11113639-T-A is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 251856.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.944
• PP5: Variant 19-11113639-T-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr19-11113639-T-C is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 251857.We mark this variant Likely_pathogenic, oryginal submissions are: {Likely_pathogenic=5, Uncertain_significance=1}. Variant chr19-11113639-T-C is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
LDLR	NM_000527.5	c.1463T>C	p.Ile488Thr	missense_variant	10/18	ENST00000558518.6	NP_000518.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
LDLR	ENST00000558518.6	c.1463T>C	p.Ile488Thr	missense_variant	10/18	1	NM_000527.5	ENSP00000454071	P3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000131 AC: 2 AN: 152126 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.0000241

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.000193

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 35

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000131 AC: 2 AN: 152126 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000269 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 74304

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.0000241

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.000193

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.00

Alfa AF: 0.0000658 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000756

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:6 Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1 Pathogenic:4

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	research	Cardiovascular Research Group, Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge	Mar 01, 2016	0/208 non-FH alleles -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	research	Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, University of São Paulo	Mar 01, 2016	- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	literature only	LDLR-LOVD, British Heart Foundation	Mar 25, 2016	- -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	research	Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Diagnostiek Experimentele Vasculaire Geneeskunde, Academisch Medisch Centrum	-	- -

Familial hypercholesterolemia Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Sep 21, 2023	In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. This variant disrupts the p.Ile488 amino acid residue in LDLR. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been observed in individuals with LDLR-related conditions (PMID: 10978268, 20236128, 23375686), which suggests that this may be a clinically significant amino acid residue. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt LDLR protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 251857). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with familial hypercholesterolemia and/or hypercholesterolemia (PMID: 11810272; Invitae). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change replaces isoleucine, which is neutral and non-polar, with threonine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 488 of the LDLR protein (p.Ile488Thr). -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	May 11, 2022	This missense variant (also known as p.Ile467Thr in the mature protein) replaces isoleucine with threonine at codon 488 of the LDLR protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may have deleterious impact on protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold >= 0.7, PMID: 27666373). To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has been reported in a few individuals affected with hypercholesterolemia (PMID: 11810272, 26020417, 31893465). This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Cardiovascular phenotype Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Mar 29, 2024

The p.I488T variant (also known as c.1463T>C), located in coding exon 10 of the LDLR gene, results from a T to C substitution at nucleotide position 1463. The isoleucine at codon 488 is replaced by threonine, an amino acid with similar properties. This alteration, which is also known as p.I467T, has been reported in individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) (Fouchier SW et al. Hum Genet, 2001 Dec;109:602-15; Medeiros AM et al. Genet Med, 2016 Apr;18:316-24; Mariano C et al. Clin Genet, 2020 Mar;97:457-466; Dagli-Hernandez C et al. Pharmaceutics, 2022 Apr;14:[ePub ahead of print]; Ambry internal data). In an assay testing LDLR function, this variant showed a functionally abnormal result (Graça R et al. JACC Basic Transl Sci, 2023 Aug;8:1010-1021). This variant is considered to be rare based on population cohorts in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). This amino acid position is not well conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Based on the majority of available evidence to date, this variant is likely to be pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.93
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.42	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.37
CADD	Pathogenic	28
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.97	D;.;.;.;.;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.75
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.64
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.98	D;D;D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.85	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.94	D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.7	H;.;.;.;.;H
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D;D;D;D;D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.61	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-4.4	D;D;D;D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.89
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D;D;D;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0010	D;D;D;D;D;D
Polyphen		0.95	P;.;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.74
MVP		1.0
MPC		0.90
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.7
Varity_R		0.92
gMVP		0.99

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs879254913; hg19: chr19-11224315;