chr2-39022779-A-G

Variant names:

• chr2-39022779-A-G
• rs397517153
• NM_005633.4:c.1649T>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 20 ACMG points: 20P and 0B. PS3 PM1 PM2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_005633.4(SOS1):​c.1649T>C​(p.Leu550Pro) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000205 in 1,461,512 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). ClinVar reports functional evidence for this variant: "SCV000209117: Published functional studies found this variant is associated with increased RAS exchange activity and induces pERK induction (PMID:23487764)" and additional evidence is available in ClinVar. Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. L550L) has been classified as Likely benign. The gene SOS1 is included in the ClinGen Criteria Specification Registry.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000021 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: SOS1 NM_005633.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:12
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.20
• Publications: 11 publications found

Genes affected

SOS1 (HGNC:11187): (SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) This gene encodes a protein that is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RAS proteins, membrane proteins that bind guanine nucleotides and participate in signal transduction pathways. GTP binding activates and GTP hydrolysis inactivates RAS proteins. The product of this gene may regulate RAS proteins by facilitating the exchange of GTP for GDP. Mutations in this gene are associated with gingival fibromatosis 1 and Noonan syndrome type 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SOS1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Noonan syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Orphanet
• Noonan syndrome 4

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, PanelApp Australia, Genomics England PanelApp
• fibromatosis, gingival, 1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• hereditary gingival fibromatosis

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen
• Costello syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen
• Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen
• Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Specifications for SOS1 are available in the ClinGen Criteria Specification Registry and recommended for reference when assigning criteria.

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 20 ACMG points.

• PS3: PS3 evidence extracted from ClinVar submissions: SCV000209117: Published functional studies found this variant is associated with increased RAS exchange activity and induces pERK induction (PMID: 23487764); SCV000659128: Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects SOS1 function (PMID: 23487764).; SCV001426865: In vitro studies report this variant results in increased ERK activation and RAS exchange rate compared to wild type in cells.; SCV002767734: "Mutant cDNA constructs transfected into HEK293T cells demonstrated increased pERK induction in serum starved cells and increased RAS exchange activity compared to wild type cDNA constructs." PMID: 23487764; SCV004120009: Functional studies demonstrated elevated levels of pERK and an increased rate of RAS nucleotide exchange, consistent with a gain-of-function mechanism (Smith et al. 2013. PubMed ID: 23487764).; SCV005170277: "In an assay testing SOS1 function, this variant showed a functionally abnormal result" (Smith MJ et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2013 Mar;110:4574-9).
• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 11 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 2 benign, 18 uncertain in NM_005633.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.973
• PP5: Variant 2-39022779-A-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr2-39022779-A-G is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 40680.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_005633.4. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	SOS1	NM_005633.4	MANE Select	c.1649T>C	p.Leu550Pro	missense	Exon 10 of 23	NP_005624.2
	SOS1	NM_001382394.1		c.1628T>C	p.Leu543Pro	missense	Exon 10 of 23	NP_001369323.1
	SOS1	NM_001382395.1		c.1649T>C	p.Leu550Pro	missense	Exon 10 of 22	NP_001369324.1	G5E9C8

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	SOS1	ENST00000402219.8	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.1649T>C	p.Leu550Pro	missense	Exon 10 of 23	ENSP00000384675.2	Q07889-1
	SOS1	ENST00000395038.6	TSL:5	c.1649T>C	p.Leu550Pro	missense	Exon 10 of 22	ENSP00000378479.2	G5E9C8
	SOS1	ENST00000913801.1		c.1649T>C	p.Leu550Pro	missense	Exon 10 of 22	ENSP00000583860.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000205 AC: 3 AN: 1461512 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 727066

African (AFR) AF: 0.0000299 AC: 1 AN: 33474

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44716

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26126

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39684

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86242

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53372

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000180 AC: 2 AN: 1111740

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60390

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
4	-	-	not provided (4)
2	-	-	Noonan syndrome 4 (2)
2	-	-	RASopathy (2)
1	-	-	Cardiovascular phenotype (1)
1	-	-	Noonan syndrome (1)
1	-	-	Noonan syndrome 1 (1)
1	-	-	SOS1-related disorder (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.99
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.45	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.41
CADD	Pathogenic	26
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.90	D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.89
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.85
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.96	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.92	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.44	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.97	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.80	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.5	M
PhyloP100		9.2
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.90	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-6.5	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.95
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.99
MutPred		0.82		Gain of disorder (P = 0.0245)
MVP		0.97
MPC		1.9
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.8
Varity_R		0.98
gMVP		0.93
Mutation Taster		=1/99	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs397517153; hg19: chr2-39249920;