chr7-44144339-G-A

Variant names:

• chr7-44144339-G-A
• rs2908276
• NM_000162.5:c.*797C>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Benign. The variant received -20 ACMG points: 0P and 20B. BP4_Strong BP6_Very_Strong BA1

The NM_000162.5(GCK):​c.*797C>T variant causes a 3 prime UTR change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0173 in 151,886 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, including 77 homozygotes. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Benign (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.017 (77 hom., cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0 (0 hom.)
  • Failed GnomAD Quality Control
• Consequence: GCK NM_000162.5 3_prime_UTR
• Clinical Significance: Benign criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts B:6
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -0.417
• Publications: 3 publications found

Genes affected

GCK (HGNC:4195): (glucokinase) This gene encodes a member of the hexokinase family of proteins. Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. In contrast to other forms of hexokinase, this enzyme is not inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate but remains active while glucose is abundant. The use of multiple promoters and alternative splicing of this gene result in distinct protein isoforms that exhibit tissue-specific expression in the pancreas and liver. In the pancreas, this enzyme plays a role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, while in the liver, this enzyme is important in glucose uptake and conversion to glycogen. Mutations in this gene that alter enzyme activity have been associated with multiple types of diabetes and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

GCK Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• hyperinsulinism due to glucokinase deficiency

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, Genomics England PanelApp
• maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics
• monogenic diabetes

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics
• transient neonatal diabetes mellitus

  Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• maturity-onset diabetes of the young

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Benign. The variant received -20 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (BayesDel_noAF=-0.77).
• BP6: Variant 7-44144339-G-A is Benign according to our data. Variant chr7-44144339-G-A is described in ClinVar as Benign. ClinVar VariationId is 360284.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• BA1: GnomAd4 highest subpopulation (AFR) allele frequency at 95% confidence interval = 0.0575 is higher than 0.05.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000162.5. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GCK	NM_000162.5	MANE Select	c.*797C>T		3_prime_UTR	Exon 10 of 10	NP_000153.1	Q53Y25
	GCK	NM_033507.3		c.*797C>T		3_prime_UTR	Exon 10 of 10	NP_277042.1	P35557-2
	GCK	NM_033508.3		c.*797C>T		3_prime_UTR	Exon 11 of 11	NP_277043.1	P35557-3

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GCK	ENST00000403799.8	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.*797C>T		3_prime_UTR	Exon 10 of 10	ENSP00000384247.3	P35557-1
	GCK	ENST00000395796.8	TSL:1	n.*2193C>T		non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 11 of 11	ENSP00000379142.4	A0A8C8KJG0
	GCK	ENST00000459642.1	TSL:1	n.1575C>T		non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 2 of 2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0173 AC: 2618 AN: 151768 Hom.: 77 Cov.: 33

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.0596

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00734

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00202

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.000414

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.000221

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.0163

GnomAD4 exome Data not reliable, filtered out with message: AC0 AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 36 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 0 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 22

African (AFR) AC: 0 AN: 0

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AC: 0 AN: 0

East Asian (EAS) AC: 0 AN: 0

South Asian (SAS) AC: 0 AN: 0

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 8

Middle Eastern (MID) AC: 0 AN: 0

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 16

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0173 AC: 2621 AN: 151886 Hom.: 77 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.0169 AC XY: 1253 AN XY: 74268

African (AFR) AF: 0.0595 AC: 2452 AN: 41204

American (AMR) AF: 0.00733 AC: 112 AN: 15280

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00202 AC: 7 AN: 3470

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5168

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.000207 AC: 1 AN: 4822

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10616

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 294

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.000221 AC: 15 AN: 68014

Other (OTH) AF: 0.0161 AC: 34 AN: 2110

Alfa AF: 0.00811 Hom.: 16

Bravo AF: 0.0203

Asia WGS AF: 0.00375 AC: 13 AN: 3478

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions as Germline

Significance: Benign

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
-	-	1	Hyperinsulinism due to glucokinase deficiency (1)
-	-	1	Maturity onset diabetes mellitus in young (1)
-	-	1	Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 (1)
-	-	1	not provided (1)
-	-	1	Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (1)
-	-	1	Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Recessive (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.77
CADD	Benign	6.9
DANN	Benign	0.75
PhyloP100		-0.42
Mutation Taster		=100/0	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs2908276; hg19: chr7-44183938;