chr7-44189440-G-A

Variant names:

• chr7-44189440-G-A
• rs1329261791
• ENST00000476008.1:n.480+8251C>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points: 2P and 4B. PM2 BP4_Strong

The ENST00000476008.1(GCK):​n.480+8251C>T variant causes a intron change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000135 in 73,910 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. No clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000014 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: GCK ENST00000476008.1 intron
• Clinical Significance: Not reported in ClinVar
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -0.142
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

GCK (HGNC:4195): (glucokinase) This gene encodes a member of the hexokinase family of proteins. Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. In contrast to other forms of hexokinase, this enzyme is not inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate but remains active while glucose is abundant. The use of multiple promoters and alternative splicing of this gene result in distinct protein isoforms that exhibit tissue-specific expression in the pancreas and liver. In the pancreas, this enzyme plays a role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, while in the liver, this enzyme is important in glucose uptake and conversion to glycogen. Mutations in this gene that alter enzyme activity have been associated with multiple types of diabetes and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

GCK Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• hyperinsulinism due to glucokinase deficiency

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, Orphanet
• maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Genomics England PanelApp, Ambry Genetics
• monogenic diabetes

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics
• transient neonatal diabetes mellitus

  Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• maturity-onset diabetes of the young

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (BayesDel_noAF=-0.79).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GCK	NM_000162.5	c.-487C>T		upstream_gene_variant		ENST00000403799.8	NP_000153.1
GCK	NM_001354800.1	c.-487C>T		upstream_gene_variant			NP_001341729.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GCK	ENST00000403799.8	c.-487C>T		upstream_gene_variant		1	NM_000162.5	ENSP00000384247.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000135 AC: 1 AN: 73910 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 0 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 38596

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2722

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4086

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 1738

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4242

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 9836

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2758

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 254

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000225 AC: 1 AN: 44502

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3772

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

ClinVar

Not reported in ClinVar

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.79
CADD	Benign	8.9
DANN	Benign	0.63
PhyloP100		-0.14
PromoterAI		-0.0024	Neutral

Splicing

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1329261791; hg19: chr7-44229039;