rs112029328

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 17 ACMG points: 17P and 0B. PM2PP4PS3_ModeratePS4PP1_StrongPVS1_Strong

This summary comes from the ClinGen Evidence Repository: The NM_000527.4(LDLR):c.313+1G>A variant is classified as Pathogenic for Familial Hypercholesterolemia by applying evidence codes (PVS1_Strong, PS4, PP1_Strong, PM2, PS3_Moderate and PP4) as defined by the ClinGen Familial Hypercholesterolemia Expert Panel LDLR-specific variant curation guidelines (https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.17.21252755). The supporting evidence is as follows: PVS1_strong - Variant is in canonical GT +1 splice site, predicted to lead to exon 3 skipping (in frame).PS4 - Variant meets PM2. Identified in at least 14 unrelated index cases from Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory (PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA) with DLCS equal or above 6. PP1_strong - variant segregates with FH phenotype in 6 informative meiosis in 5 families from different laboratories. PM2 - PopMax MAF = 0.00006156 (0.006%) in European non-Finnish exomes (gnomAD v2.1.1).PS3_moderateLevel 2 assays: PMID 19361455: Hmz patients' Epstein-Barr tranformed lymphocytes, RNA and FACS assays - results - Alternative splicing: skipping of exon 3 or inclusion of intron 3; amount of cell-surface LDLR 33% of normal (Hmz); 12% LDL-LDLR uptake in Hmz ---- Aberrant transcripts confirmed by sequencing and above 25% of total transcript, and uptake is below 70% of wild-type, so PS3_moderate is Met.PP4 - Variant meets PM2. Identified in 3 FH cases from Cardiovascular Research Group,Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge who fulfill Simon-Broome criteria and in 13 FH cases from University of British Columbia (UBC, Canada) and 14 from Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory (PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA) with clinical Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Criteria score ≥ 6. LINK:https://erepo.genome.network/evrepo/ui/classification/CA023688/MONDO:0007750/013

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000013 ( 0 hom., cov: 31)
Exomes 𝑓: 0.000027 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

LDLR
NM_000527.5 splice_donor

Scores

4
2
1
Splicing: ADA: 1.000
2

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic reviewed by expert panel P:37B:1O:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 8.10
Variant links:
Genes affected
LDLR (HGNC:6547): (low density lipoprotein receptor) The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family consists of cell surface proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of specific ligands. The encoded protein is normally bound at the cell membrane, where it binds low density lipoprotein/cholesterol and is taken into the cell. Lysosomes release the cholesterol, which is made available for repression of microsomal enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. At the same time, a reciprocal stimulation of cholesterol ester synthesis takes place. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal dominant disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 17 ACMG points.

PVS1
For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
PS3
For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
PS4
For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
PM2
For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
PP1
For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
PP4
For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene Transcript HGVSc HGVSp Effect #exon/exons MANE Protein UniProt
LDLRNM_000527.5 linkuse as main transcriptc.313+1G>A splice_donor_variant ENST00000558518.6 NP_000518.1

Ensembl

Gene Transcript HGVSc HGVSp Effect #exon/exons TSL MANE Protein Appris UniProt
LDLRENST00000558518.6 linkuse as main transcriptc.313+1G>A splice_donor_variant 1 NM_000527.5 ENSP00000454071 P3P01130-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes
AF:
0.0000131
AC:
2
AN:
152184
Hom.:
0
Cov.:
31
show subpopulations
Gnomad AFR
AF:
0.0000241
Gnomad AMI
AF:
0.00
Gnomad AMR
AF:
0.00
Gnomad ASJ
AF:
0.00
Gnomad EAS
AF:
0.00
Gnomad SAS
AF:
0.00
Gnomad FIN
AF:
0.00
Gnomad MID
AF:
0.00
Gnomad NFE
AF:
0.0000147
Gnomad OTH
AF:
0.00
GnomAD3 exomes
AF:
0.0000278
AC:
7
AN:
251424
Hom.:
0
AF XY:
0.0000441
AC XY:
6
AN XY:
135902
show subpopulations
Gnomad AFR exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad AMR exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad ASJ exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad EAS exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad SAS exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad FIN exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad NFE exome
AF:
0.0000616
Gnomad OTH exome
AF:
0.00
GnomAD4 exome
AF:
0.0000274
AC:
40
AN:
1460880
Hom.:
0
Cov.:
31
AF XY:
0.0000261
AC XY:
19
AN XY:
726744
show subpopulations
Gnomad4 AFR exome
AF:
0.0000299
Gnomad4 AMR exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 ASJ exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 EAS exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 SAS exome
AF:
0.0000348
Gnomad4 FIN exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 NFE exome
AF:
0.0000306
Gnomad4 OTH exome
AF:
0.0000332
GnomAD4 genome
AF:
0.0000131
AC:
2
AN:
152184
Hom.:
0
Cov.:
31
AF XY:
0.0000135
AC XY:
1
AN XY:
74334
show subpopulations
Gnomad4 AFR
AF:
0.0000241
Gnomad4 AMR
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 ASJ
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 EAS
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 SAS
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 FIN
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 NFE
AF:
0.0000147
Gnomad4 OTH
AF:
0.00
Bravo
AF:
0.0000302
ExAC
AF:
0.0000412
AC:
5
EpiCase
AF:
0.00
EpiControl
AF:
0.000237

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic
Submissions summary: Pathogenic:37Benign:1Other:1
Revision: reviewed by expert panel
LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1 Pathogenic:23Benign:1
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterresearchFundacion Hipercolesterolemia FamiliarMar 01, 2016- -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria providedliterature onlyOMIMOct 16, 1996- -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria providedclinical testingCardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA - Fiona Stanley HospitalJun 09, 2008- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingRobarts Research Institute, Western University-- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterresearchBrunham Lab, Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, University of British ColumbiaJan 22, 2019- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingLaboratorio de Genetica e Diagnostico Molecular, Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinDec 08, 2021ACMG classification criteria: PVS1 strong, PS3 supporting, PS4 strong, PM2 moderate, PP1 strong, PP4 supporting -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria providedclinical testingBlueprint GeneticsSep 25, 2014- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterliterature onlyLDLR-LOVD, British Heart FoundationMar 25, 2016- -
Pathogenic, reviewed by expert panelcurationClinGen Familial Hypercholesterolemia Variant Curation Expert PanelJun 07, 2021The NM_000527.4(LDLR):c.313+1G>A variant is classified as Pathogenic for Familial Hypercholesterolemia by applying evidence codes (PVS1_Strong, PS4, PP1_Strong, PM2, PS3_Moderate and PP4) as defined by the ClinGen Familial Hypercholesterolemia Expert Panel LDLR-specific variant curation guidelines (https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.17.21252755). The supporting evidence is as follows: PVS1_strong - Variant is in canonical GT +1 splice site, predicted to lead to exon 3 skipping (in frame). PS4 - Variant meets PM2. Identified in at least 14 unrelated index cases from Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory (PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA) with DLCS equal or above 6. PP1_strong - variant segregates with FH phenotype in 6 informative meiosis in 5 families from different laboratories. PM2 - PopMax MAF = 0.00006156 (0.006%) in European non-Finnish exomes (gnomAD v2.1.1). PS3_moderate Level 2 assays: PMID 19361455: Hmz patients' Epstein-Barr tranformed lymphocytes, RNA and FACS assays - results - Alternative splicing: skipping of exon 3 or inclusion of intron 3; amount of cell-surface LDLR 33% of normal (Hmz); 12% LDL-LDLR uptake in Hmz ---- Aberrant transcripts confirmed by sequencing and above 25% of total transcript, and uptake is below 70% of wild-type, so PS3_moderate is Met. PP4 - Variant meets PM2. Identified in 3 FH cases from Cardiovascular Research Group,Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge who fulfill Simon-Broome criteria and in 13 FH cases from University of British Columbia (UBC, Canada) and 14 from Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory (PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA) with clinical Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Criteria score ≥ 6. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterresearchCardiovascular Research Group, Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo JorgeMar 01, 20160/208 non-FH alleles; 0/100 healthy control individuals -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingFulgent Genetics, Fulgent GeneticsAug 03, 2021- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingLaboratory of molecular diagnosis of dyslipidemias, Università egli studi di Napoli Federico IIMay 24, 2021- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical CenterJan 21, 2021- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testing3billionSep 01, 2022The variant is observed at an extremely low frequency in the gnomAD v2.1.1 dataset (total allele frequency: 0.003%). Canonical splice site is predicted to alter splicing and result in a loss or disruption of normal protein function. Multiple pathogenic loss-of-function variants are reported downstream of the variant. Functional studies provide moderate evidence of the variant having a damaging effect on the gene or gene product (PMID: 19361455). The variant has been reported multiple times as an established pathogenic variant (ClinVar ID: VCV000003736). Therefore, this variant is classified as Pathogenic according to the recommendation of ACMG/AMP guideline. -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria providedclinical testingDiagnostic Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen-- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingClinical Genetics Laboratory, Region OstergotlandNov 20, 2023PVS1_strong, PP1_strong, PS4, PM2, PP4, PS3_moderate -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingRevvity Omics, RevvityJun 03, 2022- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingNeuberg Centre For Genomic Medicine, NCGMFeb 14, 2023The splice site variant c.313+1G>A in LDLR gene has been reported previously in heterozygous state in individuals affected with Familial hypercholesterolemia (Trinder M, et al., 2019, Zakharova FM, et al., 2005). Experimental evidence shows that this variant results in two mutant transcripts, one has skipping of exon 3 and the other has inclusion of intron 3. The transcript with skipping of exon 3 was demonstrated to have considerably reduced cell-surface LDLR and total amounts of internalized LDL, indicating that the variant LDLR is markedly dysfunctional (Cameron J, et al., 2009). The variant has 0.003% allele frequency in gnomAD Exomes and is novel (not in any individuals) in 1000 Genomes. It has been submitted to ClinVar as Likely Benign, Likley Pathogenic, Pathogenic (multiple submissions).This variant is predicted to cause loss of normal protein function through protein truncation. Loss of function variants have been previously reported to be disease causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingHuman Genome Sequencing Center Clinical Lab, Baylor College of MedicineAug 21, 2017The c.313+1G>A variant in LDLR gene destroys the canonical splice donor site in intron 3 and is predicted to result in abnormal splicing of the LDLR message. Functional studies have shown that the c.313+1G>A variant disrupts mRNA splicing and produces a protein with abnormal function (PMID 19361455). This variant has been reported in multiple unrelated individuals with hypercholesterolemia (PMID 7718019, 22390909, 22883975, 20045108, 20145306, 15523646) and individuals with early-onset myocardial infarction (PMID 25487149). This variant is classified as pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterresearchLaboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, University of São PauloMar 01, 2016- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingU4M - Lille University & CHRU Lille, Université de Lille - CHRU de LilleMar 30, 2017- -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria providedresearchLaboratorium voor Moleculaire Diagnostiek Experimentele Vasculaire Geneeskunde, Academisch Medisch Centrum-- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingCentre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, Unité de génétique de l'Obésité et des Dyslipidémies, APHP, GH Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière / Charles-FoixDec 16, 2016subjects mutated among 2600 FH index cases screened = 4/FH-Europe -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterresearchIberoamerican FH NetworkMar 01, 2016- -
not provided Pathogenic:6Other:1
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingMayo Clinic Laboratories, Mayo ClinicJan 05, 2022PP3 -
not provided, no classification providedliterature onlySNPedia-- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingQuest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan CapistranoFeb 03, 2023This variant disrupts a canonical splice-donor site and interferes with normal LDLR mRNA splicing (PMID: 19361455 (2009)). The frequency of this variant in the general population, 0.000062 (7/113710 chromosomes, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org), is consistent with pathogenicity. In the published literature, the variant has been reported in multiple individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) (PMID: 25487149 (2015), 22390909 (2012), 20045108 (2010), 14974088 (2004), 7616128 (1995)), and has been shown to segregate with disease (PMID: 8829662 (1996)). Based on the available information, this variant is classified as pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria providedclinical testingClinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center-- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingGeneDxJun 23, 2022Described as a founder mutation in the Norwegian population (Leren et al., 1994); Published functional studies demonstrate that c.313+1 G>A leads to the production of two abnormal transcripts which impair LDL receptor function (Cameron et al., 1999); Reported in ClinVar but additional evidence is not available (ClinVar Variant ID#3736; ClinVar); Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); Deletions involving coding exons of this gene are a known mechanism of disease (HGMD; other references); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 25525159, 25487149, 10735632, 22883975, 30592178, 30795984, 31048103, 22390909, 10634824, 17765246, 7616128, 20145306, 20045108, 10532689, 14974088, 7718019, 25468658, 29233637, 31447099, 8911609, 32041611, 33303402, 32719484, 33226606, 33740630, 34037665, 19361455) -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingAthena DiagnosticsJun 30, 2017- -
Likely pathogenic, no assertion criteria providedprovider interpretationStanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Stanford UniversityFeb 09, 2017Genetic testing: The patient had genetic testing for the familial hypercholesterolemia panel. The test included sequencing of three genes associated with familial hypercholesterolemia: LDLR, APOB and PCSK9. Results reported on October 17, 2017 showed that the following variant was identified (see report below): c.313+1G>A in the LDLR gene (NM_000527.4) Ambry classifies this variant as pathogenic. Given sufficient case data and functional in vitro studies, we consider this variant very likely disease causing and we feel it is suitable for assessing risk in healthy relatives ("predictive genetic testing"). This variant is a common cause of FH around the world. It is referred to as the FH-Elverum allele and the FH-Olbia allele. It's been identified in multiple populations around the world including Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Spain, Korea, Norway, The Netherlands, Russia, UK, Sweden, and South Africa (black). It's been identified in up to 25% of Norwegian FH patients and 5% of Western Australian patients. IT has also been reported in a case of homozygous FH. It has been written about in 14 publications and is listed as pathogenic or likely pathogenic by all seven entries in clinvar. An in vitro study found this mutation leads to several alternatively spliced transcripts, one of which skips exon 3 and can result in an abnormal LDLR protein with reduced function (Cameron et al. Clin Chim Acta. 2009. 403(1-2):13-15). This variant is located near a CpG enriched region which may be a mutational hot spot. This variant likely leads to loss of function of the LDL-receptor given its exon skipping nature. There are seven individuals with variation at c.313+1 position listed in the Genome Aggregation Consortium Dataset (gnomAD; http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/), which currently includes variant calls on 126,184 unrelated individuals at this position who are of African, Asian, European, Latino, and Ashkenazi descent. All 7 individuals are of European descent. This corresponds to about 1 in 8,015 European individuals in the general population which confirms that it's likely a common cause of FH in the European populations. -
Familial hypercholesterolemia Pathogenic:4
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingWomen's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorpJun 16, 2020Variant summary: LDLR c.313+1G>A is located in a canonical splice-site and is predicted to affect mRNA splicing resulting in a significantly altered protein due to either exon skipping, shortening, or inclusion of intronic material. Several computational tools predict a significant impact on normal splicing: Four predict the variant abolishes a 5 splicing donor site. Experimental evidence supports these predictions indicating that this variant results in two mutant transcripts, one has skipping of exon 3 and the other has inclusion of intron 3 (Cameron_2009, Jensen_1996). The transcript with skipping of exon 3 was demonstrated to have considerably reduced cell-surface LDLR and total amounts of internalized LDL, indicating that the variant LDLR is markedly dysfunctional (Cameron_2009). The variant allele was found at a frequency of 2.8e-05 in 251424 control chromosomes (gnomAD). c.313+1G>A has been reported in the literature in multiple individuals affected with Familial Hypercholesterolemia (e.g. Deiana_2000, Jensen_1996, Mozas_2004, Leren_1994). These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. Fourteen ClinVar submitters (evaluation after 2014) cite the variant as pathogenic/likely pathogenic (n=13) and as likely benign (n=1). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingColor Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color HealthAug 07, 2023This variant (also known as FH-Elverum) causes a G to A nucleotide substitution at the +1 position of intron 3 of the LDLR gene, and is predicted to abolish the intron 3 canonical splice donor site. An experimental study has shown that this variant causes skipping of exon 3 and inclusion of intron 3, and no functional LDLR protein was produced from the mutant transcript (PMID: 19361455). The variant has been reported in over 500 individuals affected with familial hypercholesterolemia (PMID: 7616128, 7718019, 10532689, 14974088, 15241806, 16159606, 17539906, 17765246, 20045108, 20145306, 22883975, 28502510, 29233637, 29353225, 30795984, 33740630, 34037665) and is considered to be a founder mutation in the Norwegian population (PMID: 7718019, 33740630). In addition, a large case-control study has shown that this variant is associated with early-onset myocardial infarction (PMID: 25487149). This variant has been identified in 7/251424 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Loss of LDLR function is a known mechanism of disease (clinicalgenome.org). Based on the available evidence, this variant is classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria providedclinical testingNatera, Inc.Sep 16, 2020- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingLabcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), LabcorpDec 28, 2023This sequence change affects a donor splice site in intron 3 of the LDLR gene. RNA analysis indicates that disruption of this splice site induces altered splicing and likely results in a shortened protein product. This variant is present in population databases (rs112029328, gnomAD 0.006%). Disruption of this splice site has been observed in individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (PMID: 10532689, 15701167, 19361455). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 3736). Studies have shown that disruption of this splice site results in skipping of exon 3, but is expected to preserve the integrity of the reading-frame (PMID: 19361455). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia Pathogenic:1
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingLaboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized MedicineMar 26, 2019The c.313+1G>A variant in LDLR has been reported in >140 individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and segregated with disease in at least 5 affected relatives from 2 families (Leren 1994, Sun 1995, Lombardi 2000, Hooper 2012). This variant has also been identified in 7/111670 European chromosomes by gnomAD (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org). This frequency is low enough to be consistent with the frequency of FH in the general population. The c.313+1G>A variant occurs in the invariant region (+/- 1,2) of the splice consensus sequence and is predicted to cause altered splicing that would preserve the protein reading frame, leading to an abnormal protein. Furthermore, in vitro functional studies provide some evidence that this variant may impact protein function (Sun 1995, Cameron 2009). In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as pathogenic for FH in an autosomal dominant manner based upon presence in multiple affected individuals, segregation studies, low frequency in the general population, and impact to the protein. The ACMG/AMP Criteria applied: PS4, PM2, PP1_Moderate, PVS1_Moderate. -
See cases Pathogenic:1
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingInstitute of Human Genetics, University Hospital MuensterDec 21, 2021ACMG categories: PVS1,PM2,PP5 -
LDLR-related disorder Pathogenic:1
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria providedclinical testingPreventionGenetics, part of Exact SciencesJan 16, 2024The LDLR c.313+1G>A variant is predicted to disrupt the GT donor site and interfere with normal splicing. This variant is a well-documented pathogenic variant for familial hypercholesterolemia (see for example Chan et al. 2018. PubMed ID: 30592178; Luirink et al. 2018. PubMed ID: 30795984; Jensen et al. 1999. PubMed ID: 10532689; Lombardi et al. 2000. PubMed ID: 10735632; Chmara et al. 2010. PubMed ID: 20145306; Mozas et al. 2004. PubMed ID: 15241806; Alonso et al. 2009. PubMed ID: 19318025; Lombardi et al. 1995. PubMed ID: 7616128). This variant is reported in 0.0062% of alleles in individuals of European (Non-Finnish) descent in gnomAD. Variants that disrupt the consensus splice donor site in LDLR are expected to be pathogenic. This variant is interpreted as pathogenic. -
Cardiovascular phenotype Pathogenic:1
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitterclinical testingAmbry GeneticsMay 04, 2023The c.313+1G>A intronic variant results from a G to A substitution one nucleotide after coding exon 3 of the LDLR gene. Alterations that disrupt the canonical splice site are expected to cause aberrant splicing, resulting in an abnormal protein or a transcript that is subject to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Based on data from gnomAD, the A allele has an overall frequency of 0.003% (7/251424) total alleles studied. The highest observed frequency was 0.006% (7/113710) of European (non-Finnish) alleles. This mutation has been identified in both heterozygous and homozygous states in patients with classic familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) (Leren, 1994; Hartgers, 2018; Ibarretxe, 2018; Chan, 2019). This nucleotide position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. An in vitro study found this mutation leads to several alternatively spliced transcripts, one of which skips exon 3 and can result in an abnormal LDLR protein with reduced function (Cameron, 2009). In silico splice site analysis predicts that this alteration will weaken the native splice donor site. Based on the available evidence, this alteration is classified as pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name
Calibrated prediction
Score
Prediction
BayesDel_addAF
Pathogenic
0.50
D
BayesDel_noAF
Uncertain
0.020
CADD
Pathogenic
30
DANN
Uncertain
0.97
Eigen
Pathogenic
0.92
Eigen_PC
Pathogenic
0.69
FATHMM_MKL
Pathogenic
0.98
D
MutationTaster
Benign
1.0
D;D;D;D;D;D;D
GERP RS
5.7
RBP_binding_hub_radar
0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar
1.7

Splicing

Name
Calibrated prediction
Score
Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA
Pathogenic
1.0
dbscSNV1_RF
Pathogenic
0.93
SpliceAI score (max)
0.99
Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_DL_spliceai
0.99
Position offset: -1

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs112029328; hg19: chr19-11213463; COSMIC: COSV52944686; COSMIC: COSV52944686; API