rs119103268

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 19 ACMG points: 19P and 0B. PM1PM2PM5PP2PP3_StrongPP5_Very_Strong

The NM_014874.4(MFN2):c.310C>T(p.Arg104Trp) variant causes a missense, splice region change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predict no significant impact on normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R104L) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: not found (cov: 31)

Consequence

MFN2
NM_014874.4 missense, splice_region

Scores

Splicing: ADA: 0.03669

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:19

Conservation

PhyloP100: 3.54

Publications

33 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

MFN2 (HGNC:16877): (mitofusin 2) This gene encodes a mitochondrial membrane protein that participates in mitochondrial fusion and contributes to the maintenance and operation of the mitochondrial network. This protein is involved in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and it may play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity. Mutations in this gene cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A2, and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy VI, which are both disorders of the peripheral nervous system. Defects in this gene have also been associated with early-onset stroke. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

MFN2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory, type 6A
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: G2P
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, autosomal recessive, type 2a2b;
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P
axonal hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy
Inheritance: SD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A2
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 6
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
multiple symmetric lipomatosis
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
severe early-onset axonal neuropathy due to MFN2 deficiency
Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

MFN2 links:

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ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 19 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 9 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 10 uncertain in NM_014874.4

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr1-11992690-G-T is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 214651.

PP2

Missense variant in the MFN2 gene, where missense mutations are typically associated with disease (based on misZ statistic). The gene has 123 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 23 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 1.6575 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 3.2174 (above the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A2, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, autosomal recessive, type 2a2b;, severe early-onset axonal neuropathy due to MFN2 deficiency, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 6, axonal hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, multiple symmetric lipomatosis, neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory, type 6A.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.982

PP5

Variant 1-11992689-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr1-11992689-C-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 2281.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MFN2	NM_014874.4 link	c.310C>T	p.Arg104Trp	missense_variant, splice_region_variant	Exon 4 of 19	ENST00000235329.10	NP_055689.1	O95140-1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MFN2	ENST00000235329.10 link	c.310C>T	p.Arg104Trp	missense_variant, splice_region_variant	Exon 4 of 19	1	NM_014874.4	ENSP00000235329.5		O95140-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

Cov.:

GnomAD4 exome

Cov.:

GnomAD4 genome

Cov.:

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:19

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A2

Pathogenic:8

Apr 25, 2018

Institute of Human Genetics, Cologne University

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Jul 20, 2021

Laboratório de Neurologia Aplicada e Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto – Universidade de Sao Paulo

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:research

- -

Jun 26, 2025

Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Institut De Recerca Sant Joan De Déu

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The c.310C>T variant (NM_001127660.1) in MFN2 is a missense variant predicted to cause an amino acid change of Arg by Trp at position 104 in the protein sequence (p.(Arg104Trp)). This variant is absent from population databases (gnomAD v2.1; PM2_supporting). This variant has been identified as de novo in an individual with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2A2A (PMID: 35177962; internal lab contributor; PS2). The variant cosegregates with the disease in multiple affected family members in a gene definitively known to cause the disease and it is related to several articles (ClinVar Variation ID: 2281; PMIDs: 18425620, 18946002, 18957892, 20008656, 21531138, 21840889, 25025039; PP1_verystrong). The computational predictor REVEL and CADD unanimously support a deleterious effect of the variant (REVEL score: 0.981; CADD score 27.7; PP3_moderate). This variant resides within a region of MFN2 that is defined as a exonic mutational hotspot (PM1). Functional studies performed in patient's fibroblasts conducted at the Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine Laboratory showed aberrant protein function, mitochondrial morphology defects, and decreased mitochondria–lysosome contacts (PMID: 35177962; PS3). In summary, this variant meets the criteria to be classified as Pathogenic based on the ACMG/AMP criteria applied. -

Dec 01, 2020

CMT Laboratory, Bogazici University

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Mar 13, 2023

Baylor Genetics

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Feb 23, 2023

3billion

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The variant is not observed in the gnomAD v2.1.1 dataset. Missense changes are a common disease-causing mechanism. In silico tool predictions suggest damaging effect of the variant on gene or gene product (REVEL: 0.93; 3Cnet: 1.00). Same nucleotide change resulting in same amino acid change has been previously reported as pathogenic/likely pathogenic with strong evidence (ClinVar ID: VCV000002281). Different missense changes at the same codon (p.Arg104Gln, p.Arg104Leu) have been reported as pathogenic/likely pathogenic with strong evidence (ClinVar ID: VCV000214651, VCV000637289). Therefore, this variant is classified as Pathogenic according to the recommendation of ACMG/AMP guideline. -

Dec 09, 2008

OMIM

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:literature only

- -

Apr 30, 2024

Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

PP5_VStr, PP3_Sup, PM2_Sup, PP2_Sup -

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Pathogenic:2

Molecular Genetics Laboratory, London Health Sciences Centre

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Nov 01, 2013

Dept. of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, Telemark Hospital Trust

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:research

- -

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with optic atrophy

Pathogenic:2

Dec 09, 2008

OMIM

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:literature only

- -

Sep 04, 2019

Centre for Mendelian Genomics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant was classified as: Pathogenic. The following ACMG criteria were applied in classifying this variant: PS1,PM1,PM2,PM5,PP3. -

not provided

Pathogenic:2

Apr 14, 2022

GeneDx

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Not observed in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 18425620, 26307494, 25025039, 30442897, 21840889, 21531138, 18946002, 30340945, 33851411, 34169998, 24863639) -

Mar 01, 2017

Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with optic atrophy;C4310725:Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, autosomal recessive, type 2a2b;;C4721887:Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A2

Pathogenic:1

May 18, 2017

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Inborn genetic diseases

Pathogenic:1

Apr 06, 2021

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The p.R104W pathogenic mutation (also known as c.310C>T), located in coding exon 2 of the MFN2 gene, results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 310. The arginine at codon 104 is replaced by tryptophan, an amino acid with dissimilar properties. This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. The p.R104W alteration has been reported in multiple patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (Brockmann K et al. J Neurol, 2008 Jul;255(7):1049-58; Baets J et al. Brain, 2011 Sep;134:2664-76; Genari AB et al. Neuromuscul Disord, 2011 Jun;21:428-32; Høyer H et al. Biomed Res Int, 2014 Jun;2014:210401). Another alteration at the same codon, p.R104Q (c.311G>A), has been described in a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (Bombelli F et al. JAMA Neurol, 2014 Aug;71:1036-42). The p.R104W amino acid is located in the GTPase domain which is required for mitochondrial membrane fusion reaction, and multiple alterations in this region have been reported (Amiott EA et al. Exp Neurol, 2008 May;211:115-27; Ando M et al. J Peripher Nerv Syst, 2017 09;22:191-199). Based on the supporting evidence, this variant is expected to be causative of autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 2A2A and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy VIA; however, its clinical significance for autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 2A2B is unclear. -

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, autosomal recessive, type 2a2b;

Pathogenic:1

Mar 13, 2023

Baylor Genetics

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2

Pathogenic:1

Nov 11, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with tryptophan, which is neutral and slightly polar, at codon 104 of the MFN2 protein (p.Arg104Trp). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (PMID: 18425620, 18946002, 18957892, 20008656, 21531138, 21840889, 25025039). In at least one individual the variant was observed to be de novo. It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 2281). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt MFN2 protein function with a positive predictive value of 95%. This variant disrupts the p.Arg104 amino acid residue in MFN2. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 22492563). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory, type 6A

Pathogenic:1

Mar 13, 2023

Baylor Genetics

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.97

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.54

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.54

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.96

D;D

Eigen

Uncertain

0.52

Eigen_PC

Uncertain

0.41

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.95

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.97

D;.

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.52

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.98

D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

1.1

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.5

H;H

PhyloP100

3.5

PrimateAI

Pathogenic

0.89

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-7.4

D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.93

Sift

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0010

D;D

Polyphen

1.0

D;D

Vest4

0.95

MutPred

0.85

Loss of disorder (P = 0.0255);Loss of disorder (P = 0.0255);

MVP

0.98

MPC

1.8

ClinPred

1.0

GERP RS

2.2

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

2.7

Varity_R

0.95

gMVP

0.94

Mutation Taster

=1/99

disease causing (ClinVar)

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

dbscSNV1_ADA

Benign

0.037

dbscSNV1_RF

Benign

0.27

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over