rs140288388

chr1-45331180-G-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 4 ACMG points: 4P and 0B. PVS1_Moderate PM2

The NM_001048174.2(MUTYH):c.1392+2C>T variant causes a splice donor change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000812 in 1,614,160 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.00034 (0 hom., cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000054 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: MUTYH NM_001048174.2 splice_donor
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:1 U:11 B:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.23

Genes affected

MUTYH (HGNC:7527): (mutY DNA glycosylase) This gene encodes a DNA glycosylase involved in oxidative DNA damage repair. The enzyme excises adenine bases from the DNA backbone at sites where adenine is inappropriately paired with guanine, cytosine, or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, a major oxidatively damaged DNA lesion. The protein is localized to the nucleus and mitochondria. This gene product is thought to play a role in signaling apoptosis by the introduction of single-strand breaks following oxidative damage. Mutations in this gene result in heritable predisposition to colorectal cancer, termed MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2017]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 4 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Splicing variant, NOT destroyed by nmd, known LOF gene, truncates exone, which is 0.09706258 fraction of the gene. Cryptic splice site detected, with MaxEntScore 7.5, offset of 0 (no position change), new splice context is: aagGTacta. Cryptic site results in inframe change. If cryptic site found is not functional and variant results in exon loss, it results in inframe change.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
MUTYH	NM_001048174.2	c.1392+2C>T		splice_donor_variant		ENST00000456914.7
MUTYH	NM_001128425.2	c.1476+2C>T		splice_donor_variant		ENST00000710952.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
MUTYH	ENST00000456914.7	c.1392+2C>T		splice_donor_variant		1	NM_001048174.2	A1
MUTYH	ENST00000710952.2	c.1476+2C>T		splice_donor_variant			NM_001128425.2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.000315 AC: 48 AN: 152218 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00104

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.000196

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.000414

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.000119 AC: 30 AN: 251488 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.0000736 AC XY: 10 AN XY: 135920

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00123

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.000145

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.000163

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000540 AC: 79 AN: 1461824 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000454 AC XY: 33 AN XY: 727218

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00146

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.000134

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.000139

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.000166

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.000341 AC: 52 AN: 152336 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.000349 AC XY: 26 AN XY: 74484

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.00113

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.000196

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.000414

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.00

Alfa AF: 0.0000432 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.000348

ESP6500AA AF: 0.000908 AC: 4

ESP6500EA AF: 0.00 AC: 0

ExAC AF: 0.000148 AC: 18

Asia WGS AF: 0.000289 AC: 1 AN: 3478

EpiCase AF: 0.0000545

EpiControl AF: 0.00

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:11 Benign:3

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Familial adenomatous polyposis 2 Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:5 Benign:1

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Invitae	Jan 31, 2024	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Revvity Omics, Revvity	Jun 19, 2023	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Jan 09, 2018	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health	Feb 05, 2024	This variant causes a C to T nucleotide substitution at the +2 position of intron 14 of the MUTYH gene. To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has not been reported in individuals affected with hereditary cancer in the literature. This variant has been identified in 37/282888 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina	May 28, 2017	The MUTYH c.1434+2C>T variant occurs in a canonical splice site (donor) and is therefore predicted to disrupt or distort the normal gene product. It was observed by ICSL as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018) and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score for this variant, it could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene and cDNA change. No publications were found based on this search. Due to the potential impact of splice donor variants and the lack of clarifying evidence, this variant is classified as a variant of unknown significance but suspicious for pathogenicity for MYH-associated polyposis. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Mendelics	May 28, 2019	- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center	Mar 26, 2024	- -

not specified Uncertain:3

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital	Aug 15, 2023	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Jul 18, 2021	Variant summary: MUTYH c.1476+2C>T is located in a canonical splice-site and is predicted to affect mRNA splicing resulting in a significantly altered protein due to either exon skipping, shortening, or inclusion of intronic material. 5/5 computational tools predict that this variant strengthens the canonical 5' splicing donor site (i.e. it seems to change a non-classical splice site into a classic, consensus splice site), therefore no significant impact on normal splicing is expected. However, these predictions have yet to be confirmed by functional studies. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00012 in 251488 control chromosomes, predominantly within the African or African-American subpopulation at a frequency of 0.0012 in the gnomAD database. This frequency is not higher than the expected maximum for a pathogenic variant in MUTYH causing MUTYH-associated Polyposis (0.0046), allowing no conclusion about variant significance. c.1476+2C>T has been reported in the literature as a VUS in 2 individuals affected with breast cancer undergoing multigene panel testing (example, Tung_2014). This report does not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with MUTYH-associated Polyposis. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. Seven other clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014, and classified the variant as VUS (n=6), or benign (n=1). Some submitters cite overlapping evidence utilized in the context of this evaluation. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as Variant of Uncertain Significance (VUS). -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano	May 11, 2017	- -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:2 Benign:1

Benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Oct 11, 2019	This alteration is classified as benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Jan 10, 2023	This variant causes a C to T nucleotide substitution at the +2 position of intron 14 of the MUTYH gene. To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has not been reported in individuals affected with hereditary cancer in the literature. This variant has been identified in 37/282888 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	curation	Sema4, Sema4	Mar 08, 2022	- -

not provided Uncertain:1 Benign:1

Benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Mar 03, 2015	- -
Uncertain significance, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System	-	- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.19	T
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	-0.080
Cadd	Benign	20
Dann	Benign	0.88
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.77
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.56
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.44	N
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
GERP RS		2.4

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs140288388; hg19: chr1-45796852;