rs144172724
Variant summary
Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points: 16P and 0B. PM2PM3PP3PP4PS3_ModeratePS4PP1_Strong
This summary comes from the ClinGen Evidence Repository: The NM_000527.5(LDLR):c.301G>A (p.Glu101Lys) variant is classified as Pathogenic for Familial Hypercholesterolemia by applying evidence codes (PP1_Strong, PS4, PM2, PM3, PS3_Moderate, PP3 and PP4) as defined by the ClinGen Familial Hypercholesterolemia Expert Panel LDLR-specific variant curation guidelines (https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.17.21252755). The supporting evidence is as follows: PP1_strong - variant segregates with the FH phenotype in at least 19 relatives with the variant and LDL-C above the 75th percentile from several labs (Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, Unité de génétique de l'Obésité et des Dyslipidémies, Ambry, Robarts Research Institute), so PP1_Strong is met.PS4 - variant meets PM2 and is identified in at least 16 index cases who fulfill validated clinical criteria for FH from several labs (SB criteria from Cardiovascular Research Group,Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge and DLCN >=6 from Color, Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory (PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA) and Robarts Research Institute), so PS4 is met.PM2 - PopMax MAF = 0.00003266 (0.003%) in south asian exomes (gnomAD v2.1.1). It is below 0.02%, so PM2 is met.PM3 - variant meets PM2 and was identified in 1 index case with LDL 16.2 mmol/L and also LDLR exon 15 deletion from Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory (PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA) - Likely pathogenic by these guidelines, so PM3 is metPS3_moderate - Level 2 FS: Hobbs et al., 1992 (PMID 1301956): Hmz patient fibroblast, 125I-LDL assays - results: 15-30% LDLR activity. Activity is below 70% of wild-type, so PS3_Moderate is met.PP3 - REVEL = 0.896. It is above 0.75, so PP3 is met.PP4 - variant meets PM2 and is identified in at least 1 index case who fulfills SB criteria from Cardiovascular Research Group,Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge. so, PP4 is met LINK:https://erepo.genome.network/evrepo/ui/classification/CA023687/MONDO:0007750/013
Frequency
Consequence
NM_000527.5 missense
Scores
Clinical Significance
Conservation
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ACMG classification
Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points.
Transcripts
RefSeq
Gene | Transcript | HGVSc | HGVSp | Effect | #exon/exons | MANE | Protein | UniProt |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LDLR | NM_000527.5 | c.301G>A | p.Glu101Lys | missense_variant | 3/18 | ENST00000558518.6 | NP_000518.1 |
Ensembl
Gene | Transcript | HGVSc | HGVSp | Effect | #exon/exons | TSL | MANE | Protein | Appris | UniProt |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LDLR | ENST00000558518.6 | c.301G>A | p.Glu101Lys | missense_variant | 3/18 | 1 | NM_000527.5 | ENSP00000454071 | P3 |
Frequencies
GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000197 AC: 3AN: 152180Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31
GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.0000159 AC: 4AN: 251462Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.0000294 AC XY: 4AN XY: 135916
GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000294 AC: 43AN: 1461310Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.0000220 AC XY: 16AN XY: 726946
GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000197 AC: 3AN: 152180Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.0000135 AC XY: 1AN XY: 74336
ClinVar
Submissions by phenotype
Hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1 Pathogenic:15
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology | May 18, 2021 | - - |
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | literature only | LDLR-LOVD, British Heart Foundation | Mar 25, 2016 | - - |
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided | clinical testing | Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA - Fiona Stanley Hospital | Jun 05, 2008 | - - |
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | research | Cardiovascular Research Group, Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge | Mar 01, 2016 | 0/208 non-FH alleles; 0/100 healthy control individuals; 0/60 healthy control individuals - |
Pathogenic, reviewed by expert panel | curation | ClinGen Familial Hypercholesterolemia Variant Curation Expert Panel | Dec 13, 2021 | The NM_000527.5(LDLR):c.301G>A (p.Glu101Lys) variant is classified as Pathogenic for Familial Hypercholesterolemia by applying evidence codes (PP1_Strong, PS4, PM2, PM3, PS3_Moderate, PP3 and PP4) as defined by the ClinGen Familial Hypercholesterolemia Expert Panel LDLR-specific variant curation guidelines (https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.17.21252755). The supporting evidence is as follows: PP1_strong - variant segregates with the FH phenotype in at least 19 relatives with the variant and LDL-C above the 75th percentile from several labs (Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, Unité de génétique de l'Obésité et des Dyslipidémies, Ambry, Robarts Research Institute), so PP1_Strong is met. PS4 - variant meets PM2 and is identified in at least 16 index cases who fulfill validated clinical criteria for FH from several labs (SB criteria from Cardiovascular Research Group,Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge and DLCN >=6 from Color, Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory (PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA) and Robarts Research Institute), so PS4 is met. PM2 - PopMax MAF = 0.00003266 (0.003%) in south asian exomes (gnomAD v2.1.1). It is below 0.02%, so PM2 is met. PM3 - variant meets PM2 and was identified in 1 index case with LDL 16.2 mmol/L and also LDLR exon 15 deletion from Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory (PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA) - Likely pathogenic by these guidelines, so PM3 is met PS3_moderate - Level 2 FS: Hobbs et al., 1992 (PMID 1301956): Hmz patient fibroblast, 125I-LDL assays - results: 15-30% LDLR activity. Activity is below 70% of wild-type, so PS3_Moderate is met. PP3 - REVEL = 0.896. It is above 0.75, so PP3 is met. PP4 - variant meets PM2 and is identified in at least 1 index case who fulfills SB criteria from Cardiovascular Research Group,Instituto Nacional de Saude Doutor Ricardo Jorge. so, PP4 is met - |
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | research | Brunham Lab, Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia | May 23, 2019 | - - |
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided | research | Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Diagnostiek Experimentele Vasculaire Geneeskunde, Academisch Medisch Centrum | - | - - |
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Revvity Omics, Revvity | Dec 19, 2019 | - - |
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Robarts Research Institute, Western University | - | - - |
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | research | Fundacion Hipercolesterolemia Familiar | Mar 01, 2016 | - - |
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics | Nov 20, 2021 | - - |
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | U4M - Lille University & CHRU Lille, Université de Lille - CHRU de Lille | Mar 30, 2017 | - - |
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, Unité de génétique de l'Obésité et des Dyslipidémies, APHP, GH Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière / Charles-Foix | Dec 16, 2016 | subjects mutated among 2600 FH index cases screened = 8 , family members = 12 with co-segregation / FH-Lancashire - |
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | research | Iberoamerican FH Network | Mar 01, 2016 | - - |
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health | Jan 08, 2024 | This missense variant replaces glutamic acid with lysine at codon 101 in the LDLR type A repeat 2 of the ligand binding domain of the LDLR protein. This variant is also known as p.Glu80Lys in the mature protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may have a deleterious impact on protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold >= 0.7, PMID: 27666373). Experimental studies have shown that this variant significantly inhibits LDL uptake (PMID: 25647241). This LDLR variant has been reported in over 20 heterozygous individuals affected with familial hypercholesterolemia (PMID: 1301940, 1352322, 11668627, 11668640, 15241806, 16314194, 17142622, 18718593, 19843101, 20236128, 23669246, 31345425, 32331935, 33740630, 34037665, 36499307; Color internal data). This variant has also been observed in compound heterozygous state with a known pathogenic LDLR variant in two individuals affected with severe homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, a phenotype expected of having two deleterious LDLR variants (PMID: 1352322, 37119068). It has been shown that this variant segregates with disease in multiple affected individuals across multiple families (PMID: 1301940, 1352322; ClinVar SCV002506353.1). This variant has been identified in 5/282858 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Based on the available evidence, this variant is classified as Pathogenic. - |
Familial hypercholesterolemia Pathogenic:4
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp | Jan 11, 2024 | This sequence change replaces glutamic acid, which is acidic and polar, with lysine, which is basic and polar, at codon 101 of the LDLR protein (p.Glu101Lys). This variant is present in population databases (rs144172724, gnomAD 0.003%). This missense change has been observed in individuals with hypercholesterolemia (PMID: 1301940, 1352322, 11668627, 11668640, 15241806, 16314194, 17142622, 18718593, 19843101, 20236128, 23669246). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 161266). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt LDLR protein function with a positive predictive value of 95%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects LDLR function (PMID: 25647241). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. - |
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health | Oct 25, 2023 | This missense variant replaces glutamic acid with lysine at codon 101 in the LDLR type A repeat 2 of the ligand binding domain of the LDLR protein. This variant is also known as p.Glu80Lys in the mature protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may have a deleterious impact on protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold >= 0.7, PMID: 27666373). Experimental studies have shown that this variant significantly inhibits LDL uptake (PMID: 25647241). This LDLR variant has been reported in over 20 heterozygous individuals affected with familial hypercholesterolemia (PMID: 1301940, 1352322, 11668627, 11668640, 15241806, 16314194, 17142622, 18718593, 19843101, 20236128, 23669246, 31345425, 32331935, 33740630, 34037665, 36499307; Color internal data). This variant has also been observed in compound heterozygous state with a known pathogenic LDLR variant in two individuals affected with severe homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, a phenotype expected of having two deleterious LDLR variants (PMID: 1352322, 37119068). It has been shown that this variant segregates with disease in multiple affected individuals across multiple families (PMID: 1301940, 1352322; ClinVar SCV002506353.1). This variant has been identified in 5/282858 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Based on the available evidence, this variant is classified as Pathogenic. - |
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp | Jan 19, 2018 | Variant summary: The LDLR c.301G>A (p.Glu101Lys) variant involves the alteration of a conserved nucleotide located in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor class A repeat (InterPro) and 4/5 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant. One functional study, Thormaehlen_2015, found this variant to be associated with pronouncedly inhibited LDL-uptake in cells." This variant was found in 4/263560 control chromosomes (gnomAD and publication controls) at a frequency of 0.0000152, which does not exceed the estimated maximal expected allele frequency of a pathogenic LDLR variant (0.0012508). This variant was found in multiple unrelated patients with FH (Al-Khateeb_2011, Khera_2016, Futema_2013). In addition, multiple clinical diagnostic laboratories/reputable databases classified this variant as pathogenic. Taken together, this variant is classified as pathogenic. - |
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego | - | This variant has been previously reported as a heterozygous change in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (PMID: 9259195, 1301956, 1352322, 25248394). Different amino acid changes at the same residue (p.E101A, p.E101=, p.E101*, and p.E101V) have been previously reported in individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (PMID: 33740630, 34297352, 7573037, 30400955). Functional studies showed that the c.301G>A (p.Glu101Lys) variant resulted in decreased receptor activity, alteration to protein processing, and intracellular transport (PMID: 1301956, 9026534, 25647241). The c.301G>A (p.Glu101Lys) variant is present in the heterozygous state in the gnomAD population database at a frequency of 0.002% (5/282858) and thus is presumed to be rare. The c.301G>A (p.Glu101Lys) variant affects a highly conserved amino acid and is predicted by multiple in silico tools to have a deleterious effect on protein function. Based on the available evidence, the c.301G>A (p.Glu101Lys) variant is classified as Pathogenic. - |
not provided Pathogenic:3Other:1
not provided, no classification provided | in vitro | Dept. of Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Labs | - | - - |
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | AiLife Diagnostics, AiLife Diagnostics | Jan 18, 2022 | - - |
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | GeneDx | Sep 09, 2024 | Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); Patient protein studies and in vitro analysis support decreased receptor activity, alteration to protein processing, and intracellular transport (PMID: 1301956, 1352322, 25647241); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; Also known as p.(E80K) and FH Lancashire; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 11668640, 32759540, 9676383, 34662886, 25637381, 25487149, 1301940, 25647241, 1352322, 16314194, 21418584, 15241806, 22883975, 20236128, 18718593, 15523646, 11668627, 23669246, 17142622, 24507775, 1301956, 31491741, 31447099, 31345425, 32041611, 33303402, 32331935, 9547893, 33740630, 34037665, 33087929, 37589137, 34456049, 36499307, 38003014, 38311417, 34297352, 37409534) - |
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano | Sep 02, 2022 | The frequency of this variant in the general population, 0.000031 (4/129168 chromosomes, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org), is uninformative in assessment of its pathogenicity. In the published literature, the variant has been reported in affected individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (PMIDs: 1301940 (1992), 7562961 (1995), 9676383 (1998), 15914792 (2005), 16314194 (2006), 17142622 (2006), 21310417 (2011), 21418584 (2011), 23669246 (2013), 32331935 (2020), 33740630 (2021), and 34037665 (2021). Functional studies found that this variant impacts protein function (PMIDs: 1352322 (1992) and 25647241 (2015)). Analysis of this variant using bioinformatics tools for the prediction of the effect of amino acid changes on protein structure and function yielded predictions that this variant is damaging. Based on the available information, this variant is classified as pathogenic. - |
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia Pathogenic:1
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine | Mar 03, 2019 | The p.Glu101Lys variant in LDLR has been reported in the heterozygous state in >30 individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), in the compound heterozygous state in 1 individual with homozygous FH (Loux 1992, Webb 1992, GarcÃa-GarcÃa 2001, Mozas 2004, Humphries 2006, Miyakem2009, Taylor 2010, Futema 2013, Do 2015) and segregated with disease in four affected relatives from two families (Webb 1992, Loux 1992). This variant has also been reported by other clinical laboratories in ClinVar (Variation ID# 161266). In vitro functional studies provide some evidence that the p.Glu101Lys variant may impact protein function (Webb 1992). This variant has also been identified in 3/111700 European chromosomes by the genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org). This frequency is low enough to be consistent with the frequency of FH in the general population. Computational prediction tools and conservation analysis suggests that the p.Glu101Lys variant may impact the protein, though this information is not predictive enough to determine pathogenicity. In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as pathogenic for familial hypercholesterolemia in an autosomal dominant manner based upon presence in multiple affected individuals, segregation studies, low frequency in the general population and functional evidence. The ACMG/AMP Criteria applied: PS4, PM2, PS3_Moderate, PP1, PP3. - |
Hypercholesterolemia Pathogenic:1
Likely pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided | research | CSER _CC_NCGL, University of Washington | Jun 01, 2014 | - - |
Cardiovascular phenotype Pathogenic:1
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Ambry Genetics | Aug 30, 2022 | The p.E101K pathogenic mutation (also known as c.301G>A), located in coding exon 3 of the LDLR gene, results from a G to A substitution at nucleotide position 301. The glutamic acid at codon 101 is replaced by lysine, an amino acid with similar properties. This alteration has been detected in multiple individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia from various countries (Loux N et al. Hum. Mutat., 1992;1:325-32; Hobbs HH et al. Hum. Mutat., 1992;1:445-66; Webb JC et al. J. Lipid Res., 1992 May;33:689-98; Wang J et al. Hum. Mutat., 2001 Oct;18:359; Mozas P et al. Hum. Mutat., 2004 Aug;24:187; Robles-Osorio L et al. Arch. Med. Res., 2006 Jan;37:102-8; Miyake Y et al. Atherosclerosis, 2009 Mar;203:153-60; Al-Khateeb A et al. BMC Med. Genet., 2011 Mar;12:40). This alteration has also been reported to segregate with disease in families (Loux N et al. Hum. Mutat., 1992;1:325-32; Webb JC et al. J. Lipid Res., 1992 May;33:689-98). In addition, this alteration was shown to impact LDLR protein expression and activity (Hobbs HH et al. Hum. Mutat., 1992;1:445-66; Webb JC et al. J. Lipid Res., 1992 May;33:689-98). Furthermore, internal structural analysis indicates that this variant, which impacts a residue in the conserved cluster of acidic amino acids at the C-terminal end of LDLR class A repeat 2, is expected to have a deleterious impact on protein function (Jeon H and Blacklow C. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2005;74:535-62; Ambry internal data). Based on the supporting evidence, this alteration is interpreted as a disease-causing mutation. - |
Computational scores
Source:
Splicing
Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at