rs1554335567

Positions:

• chr7-44150962-G-C
• chr7-44150962-G-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. Variant got 7 ACMG points: 7P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP3_Moderate PP5

The NM_000162.5(GCK):​c.477C>G​(p.Ile159Met) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: GCK NM_000162.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:1 U:1 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -0.0860

Genes affected

GCK (HGNC:4195): (glucokinase) This gene encodes a member of the hexokinase family of proteins. Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. In contrast to other forms of hexokinase, this enzyme is not inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate but remains active while glucose is abundant. The use of multiple promoters and alternative splicing of this gene result in distinct protein isoforms that exhibit tissue-specific expression in the pancreas and liver. In the pancreas, this enzyme plays a role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, while in the liver, this enzyme is important in glucose uptake and conversion to glycogen. Mutations in this gene that alter enzyme activity have been associated with multiple types of diabetes and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

GCK (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_pathogenic. Variant got 7 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a region_of_interest Hexokinase small subdomain (size 136) in uniprot entity HXK4_HUMAN there are 46 pathogenic changes around while only 2 benign (96%) in NM_000162.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.916
• PP5: Variant 7-44150962-G-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr7-44150962-G-C is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 447403.We mark this variant Likely_pathogenic, oryginal submissions are: {Uncertain_significance=1, Likely_pathogenic=1, Uncertain_risk_allele=1}.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GCK	NM_000162.5	c.477C>G	p.Ile159Met	missense_variant	4/10	ENST00000403799.8	NP_000153.1
GCK	NM_033507.3	c.480C>G	p.Ile160Met	missense_variant	4/10		NP_277042.1
GCK	NM_033508.3	c.474C>G	p.Ile158Met	missense_variant	5/11		NP_277043.1
GCK	NM_001354800.1	c.477C>G	p.Ile159Met	missense_variant	4/11		NP_001341729.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GCK	ENST00000403799.8	c.477C>G	p.Ile159Met	missense_variant	4/10	1	NM_000162.5	ENSP00000384247.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:1 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

Nov 13, 2018

DNA sequence analysis of the GCK gene demonstrated a sequence change, c.477C>G, in exon 4 that results in an amino acid change, p.Ile159Met. The p.Ile159Met change affects a highly conserved amino acid residue located in a domain of the GCK protein that is known to be functional. In-silico pathogenicity prediction tools (SIFT, PolyPhen2, Align GVGD, REVEL) provide contradictory results for the p.Ile159Met substitution. Although this particular sequence change has not been previously described, different amino acid substitutions at this same position (p.Ile159Asn, p.Ile159Phe, and p.Ile159Val) have been reported in patients with GCK-related mild hyperglycemia (PMIDs: 28323911, 29056535, 21978167). Furthermore, the p.Ile159Met amino acid change occurs in a region of the GCK gene where other missense sequence changes have been described in patients with GCK-MODY. These collective evidences indicate that this sequence change is likely pathogenic, however functional studies have not been performed to prove this conclusively. -

not specified Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Athena Diagnostics

Sep 30, 2016

- -

Maturity onset diabetes mellitus in young Other:1

Uncertain risk allele, criteria provided, single submitter

research

Clinical Genomics, Uppaluri K&H Personalized Medicine Clinic

-

Potent mutations in GCK gene is associated with poor secretion of insulin. Its associated with milder forms of diabetes, which can be controlled by diet . However, there is no sufficient evidence to ascertain the significance of rs1554335567 in MODY, yet. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.22
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.23	D
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	0.10
CADD	Benign	19
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.69	.;D;.;.;.
Eigen	Benign	-0.14
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.29
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.29	N
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.95	D;D;.;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.58	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.92	D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.94	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.1	.;M;.;.;.
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.79	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-0.82	.;N;N;N;N
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.68
Sift	Uncertain	0.0020	.;D;D;D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0040	D;D;D;D;D
Polyphen		0.88	P;P;P;P;.
Vest4		0.67
MutPred		0.83		.;Gain of ubiquitination at K161 (P = 0.0546);.;.;.;
MVP		0.94
MPC		2.0
ClinPred		0.96	D
GERP RS		-1.9
Varity_R		0.89
gMVP		0.90

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.080		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1554335567; hg19: chr7-44190561;