rs180177097

Positions:

• chr16-23635519-G-A
• chr16-23635519-G-C
• chr16-23635519-G-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):​c.1027C>T​(p.Gln343*) variant causes a stop gained change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: PALB2 NM_024675.4 stop_gained
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:9 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 4.45

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 16-23635519-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr16-23635519-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 126583.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr16-23635519-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4	c.1027C>T	p.Gln343*	stop_gained	4/13	ENST00000261584.9	NP_078951.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9	c.1027C>T	p.Gln343*	stop_gained	4/13	1	NM_024675.4	ENSP00000261584.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:9 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Familial cancer of breast Pathogenic:4

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Jan 03, 2024	This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Gln343*) in the PALB2 gene. It is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. Loss-of-function variants in PALB2 are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 17200668, 17200671, 17200672, 24136930, 25099575). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individual(s) with breast cancer (PMID: 21184274, 24556926, 27624329). It is commonly reported in individuals of Italian ancestry (PMID: 21184274, 24556926, 27624329). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 126583). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	research	Centre for Mendelian Genomics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana	Dec 09, 2022	PVS1, PS4_STR, PM2_SUP, PP1 -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	Sep 07, 2023	This variant is considered pathogenic. This variant creates a termination codon and is predicted to result in premature protein truncation. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana	Apr 02, 2020	- -

not provided Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	curation	Leiden Open Variation Database	May 13, 2019	Curators: Marc Tischkowitz, Arleen D. Auerbach. Submitter to LOVD: Marc Tischkowitz. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Feb 15, 2023	Nonsense variant predicted to result in protein truncation or nonsense mediated decay in a gene for which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 25525159, 36278678, 17200668, 17200672, 17200671, 24136930, 33573335, 27624329, 25099575, 21184274, 24556926) -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	May 09, 2022	This variant changes 1 nucleotide in exon 4 of the PALB2 gene, creating a premature translation stop signal. This variant is expected to result in an absent or non-functional protein product. This variant has been reported in at least one individual affected with breast cancer and as a recurrent mutation in Italian hereditary breast and ovarian cancer families (PMID: 21184274, 24556926, 25099575, 33471991; Leiden Open Variation Database DB-ID PALB2_010060). A haplotype analysis suggests that this variant may be a founder mutation among hereditary breast and ovarian cancer families of Italian ancestry (PMID: 27624329). This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Loss of PALB2 function is a known mechanism of disease (clinicalgenome.org). Based on the available evidence, this variant is classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Dec 13, 2023	The p.Q343* pathogenic mutation (also known as c.1027C>T), located in coding exon 4 of the PALB2 gene, results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 1027. This changes the amino acid from a glutamine to a stop codon within coding exon 4. This mutation has been reported in a breast and pancreatic cancer family as well as in multiple breast cancer families in the literature (Peterlongo P et al. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2011 Apr;126:825-8; Catucci I et al. Genet. Med. 2014 Sep;16:688-94; Antoniou AC et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 2014 Aug;371:497-506). Furthermore, haplotype analysis has indicated that c.1027C>T is an Italian founder mutation (Catucci I et al. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2016 Nov;160:121-129). This variant is considered to be rare based on population cohorts in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). In addition to the clinical data presented in the literature, this alteration is expected to result in loss of function by premature protein truncation or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. As such, this alteration is interpreted as a disease-causing mutation. -

Hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

clinical testing

BRCAlab, Lund University

Aug 26, 2022

- -

Breast cancer, susceptibility to Other:1

risk factor, no assertion criteria provided

literature only

OMIM

Sep 01, 2014

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.60	D
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	0.080
CADD	Pathogenic	35
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Uncertain	0.19
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.090
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.25	N
Vest4		0.80
GERP RS		2.9

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs180177097; hg19: chr16-23646840;