rs267608002

Variant names:

• chr2-47476572-G-A
• rs267608002
• NM_000251.3:c.2210+1G>A

Your query was ambiguous. Multiple possible variants found:

• chr2-47476572-G-A
• chr2-47476572-G-C
• chr2-47476572-G-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000251.3(MSH2):​c.2210+1G>A variant causes a splice donor, intron change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000137 in 1,461,548 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000014 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: MSH2 NM_000251.3 splice_donor, intron
• Scores: Splicing: ADA: 1.000
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic reviewed by expert panel P:7
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.60

Genes affected

MSH2 (HGNC:7325): (mutS homolog 2) This locus is frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). When cloned, it was discovered to be a human homolog of the E. coli mismatch repair gene mutS, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype) found in HNPCC. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Splicing +-2 bp (donor or acceptor) variant, LoF is a know mechanism of disease, Cryptic splice site detected, with MaxEntScore 5.9, offset of 35, new splice context is: aatGTatgt. Cryptic site results in frameshift change. If cryptic site found is not functional and variant results in exon loss, it results in frameshift change.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 2-47476572-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr2-47476572-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 90921.Status of the report is reviewed_by_expert_panel, 3 stars. Variant chr2-47476572-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic]. Variant chr2-47476572-G-A is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MSH2	NM_000251.3	c.2210+1G>A		splice_donor_variant, intron_variant	Intron 13 of 15	ENST00000233146.7	NP_000242.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MSH2	ENST00000233146.7	c.2210+1G>A		splice_donor_variant, intron_variant	Intron 13 of 15	1	NM_000251.3	ENSP00000233146.2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000137 AC: 2 AN: 1461548 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000275 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 727098

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000180

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:7

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

Submissions by phenotype

Lynch syndrome Pathogenic:3

Jun 21, 2019

International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours (InSiGHT)

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: reviewed by expert panel

Collection Method: curation

Interrupts canonical donor splice site -

Jul 10, 2024

All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant causes a G>A nucleotide substitution at the +1 position of intron 13 of the MSH2 gene. Splice site prediction tools suggest that this variant may have a significant impact on RNA splicing. Although this prediction has not been confirmed in published RNA studies, this variant is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. This variant has been described in multiple individuals and families affected with Lynch syndrome and Lynch-syndrome associated cancers, and tumor data from some of these individuals demonstrated high microsatellite instability and/or loss of MSH2/MSH6 protein expression via immunohistochemistry analysis (PMID: 18307539, 24710284, 30093976; ClinVar SCV000580436.5). This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Loss of MSH2 function is a known mechanism of disease. Based on the available evidence, this variant is classified as Pathogenic. -

May 13, 2020

Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The c.2210+1G>A variant in MSH2 has been reported in three individuals with MSH2-related cancers and HNPCC and segregated with disease in four affected individuals from one family (Kamory 2006, Yan 2008, Chan 2018). It was absent from large population studies. This variant has also been reported in ClinVar (Variation ID: 90921). This variant occurs within the canonical splice site (+/- 1,2) and is predicted to cause altered splicing leading to an abnormal or absent protein. Loss of function of the MSH2 gene is an established disease mechanism in autosomal dominant HNPCC. In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as pathogenic for autosomal dominant HNPCC. ACMG/AMP Criteria applied: PVS1, PM2, PP1, PS4_Supporting. -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer Pathogenic:1

Dec 05, 2024

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: MSH2 c.2210+1G>A is located in a canonical splice-site and is predicted to affect mRNA splicing resulting in a significantly altered protein due to either exon skipping, shortening, or inclusion of intronic material. Variants that disrupt the consensus splice site are a relatively common cause of aberrant splicing and loss of MSH2 function. Several computational tools predict a significant impact on normal splicing: Four predict the variant abolishes a canonical 5' splicing donor site. The variant was absent in 251444 control chromosomes (gnomAD). c.2210+1G>A has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with features of Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (e.g. Yan_2007, Liu_2014, Yurgelun_2015, Chan_2018). These data indicate that the variant is likely to be associated with disease. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 17894833, 18307539, 24710284, 30093976, 25980754). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 90921). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

Lynch syndrome 1 Pathogenic:1

Aug 08, 2023

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is considered likely pathogenic. This variant occurs within a consensus splice junction and is predicted to result in abnormal mRNA splicing of either an out-of-frame exon or an in-frame exon necessary for protein stability and/or normal function. -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms Pathogenic:1

Dec 07, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change affects a donor splice site in intron 13 of the MSH2 gene. RNA analysis indicates that disruption of this splice site induces altered splicing and may result in an absent or altered protein product. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). Disruption of this splice site has been observed in individual(s) with clinical features of Lynch syndrome (PMID: 12362047, 17189986, 18307539, 24710284, 30093976; internal data). Invitae Evidence Modeling of clinical and family history, age, sex, and reported ancestry of multiple individuals with this MSH2 variant has been performed. This variant is expected to be pathogenic with a positive predictive value of at least 99%. This is a validated machine learning model that incorporates the clinical features of 1,370,736 individuals referred to our laboratory for MSH2 testing. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 90921). Studies have shown that disruption of this splice site results in skipping of exon 13, and produces a non-functional protein and/or introduces a premature termination codon (internal data). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Pathogenic:1

Mar 18, 2024

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The c.2210+1G>A intronic pathogenic mutation results from a G to A substitution one nucleotide after coding exon 13 of the MSH2 gene. This variant has been identified in probands whose Lynch syndrome-associated tumor demonstrated high microsatellite instability and loss of MSH2 expression by immunohistochemistry (Yan HL et al. Cancer Sci. 2008 Apr;99(4):770-80; Ambry internal data). In addition, another alteration at this location, c.2210+1G>C, has been identified in a Lynch syndrome kindred and reported to cause an out of frame deletion of exon 13 (Kámory E et al. Pathol. Oncol. Res. 2006;12(4):228-33; Kurzawski G et al. Clin. Genet. 2006 Jan;69(1):40-7). This variant is considered to be rare based on population cohorts in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). This nucleotide position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In silico splice site analysis predicts that this alteration will weaken the native splice donor site; however, direct evidence is insufficient at this time (Ambry internal data). In addition to the clinical data presented in the literature, alterations that disrupt the canonical splice site are expected to cause aberrant splicing, resulting in an abnormal protein or a transcript that is subject to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. As such, this alteration is classified as a disease-causing mutation. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.63	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.39
CADD	Pathogenic	33
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Pathogenic	1.2
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	1.1
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
GERP RS		6.2
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		2.8

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA	Pathogenic	1.0
dbscSNV1_RF	Pathogenic	0.94
SpliceAI score (max)		0.93		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_DL_spliceai		0.93		Position offset: -1

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs267608002; hg19: chr2-47703711;