rs28928875

Positions:

• chr16-177056-G-A
• chr16-177056-G-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. Variant got 6 ACMG points: 6P and 0B. PM2 PP3_Strong

The NM_000558.5(HBA1):​c.223G>A​(p.Asp75Asn) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another nucleotide change resulting in same amino acid change has been previously reported as Likely benignin UniProt. Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. D75A) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 31)
• Consequence: HBA1 NM_000558.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:2 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.27

Genes affected

HBA1 (HGNC:4823): (hemoglobin subunit alpha 1) The human alpha globin gene cluster located on chromosome 16 spans about 30 kb and includes seven loci: 5'- zeta - pseudozeta - mu - pseudoalpha-1 - alpha-2 - alpha-1 - theta - 3'. The alpha-2 (HBA2) and alpha-1 (HBA1) coding sequences are identical. These genes differ slightly over the 5' untranslated regions and the introns, but they differ significantly over the 3' untranslated regions. Two alpha chains plus two beta chains constitute HbA, which in normal adult life comprises about 97% of the total hemoglobin; alpha chains combine with delta chains to constitute HbA-2, which with HbF (fetal hemoglobin) makes up the remaining 3% of adult hemoglobin. Alpha thalassemias result from deletions of each of the alpha genes as well as deletions of both HBA2 and HBA1; some nondeletion alpha thalassemias have also been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_pathogenic. Variant got 6 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.991

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
HBA1	NM_000558.5	c.223G>A	p.Asp75Asn	missense_variant	2/3	ENST00000320868.9	NP_000549.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
HBA1	ENST00000320868.9	c.223G>A	p.Asp75Asn	missense_variant	2/3	1	NM_000558.5	ENSP00000322421	P1
HBA1	ENST00000472694.1	n.359G>A		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	1/2	1
HBA1	ENST00000487791.1	n.192G>A		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	2/2	1
HBA1	ENST00000397797.1	c.127G>A	p.Asp43Asn	missense_variant	2/3	2		ENSP00000380899

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 25

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 31

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:2 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not specified Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Apr 11, 2024

Variant summary: HBA1 c.223G>A (p.Asp75Asn) results in a conservative amino acid change located in the Globin (IPR000971) of the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant was absent in 140444 control chromosomes. The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. c.223G>A has been reported in the literature (Mamalaki_1990, Kimura_2015). These report(s) do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Alpha Thalassemia. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 25818820, 2227935). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 15732). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

not provided Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Jan 15, 2021

- -

HEMOGLOBIN G (PEST) Other:1

other, no assertion criteria provided

literature only

OMIM

Oct 01, 1990

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.23
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.19	D
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	0.030
CADD	Uncertain	23
DANN	Uncertain	0.98
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.33	T;.
Eigen	Benign	-0.074
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.16
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.92	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.90	D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.72	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.76	D
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.72	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-4.0	D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.65
Sift	Benign	0.042	D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.026	D;D
Vest4		0.64
MutPred		0.98		Loss of disorder (P = 0.1888);.;
MVP		0.98
ClinPred		0.96	D
GERP RS		3.3
Varity_R		0.77
gMVP		0.91

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs28928875; hg19: chr16-227055;