rs28933397

Variant names:

• chr19-38500654-C-T
• rs28933397
• NM_000540.3:c.7372C>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. The variant received 9 ACMG points: 9P and 0B. PS4_Moderate PM1_Supporting PS3_Moderate PM5 PP3_Moderate

This summary comes from the ClinGen Evidence Repository: This pathogenicity assessment is relevant only for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Variants in RYR1 can also cause other myopathies inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern or in an autosomal recessive pattern. Some of these disorders may predispose individuals to malignant hyperthermia. RYR1 variants may also contribute to a malignant hyperthermia reaction in combination with other genetic and non-genetic factors and the clinician needs to consider such factors in making management decisions.This sequence variant predicts a substitution of arginine with cysteine at codon 2458 of the RYR1 protein, p.(Arg2458Cys). The maximum allele frequency for this variant among the six major gnomAD populations is NFE: 0.000008, a frequency consistent with pathogenicity for MHS. This variant has been reported in six unrelated individuals with a personal or family history of a malignant hyperthermia reaction, all of these individuals had a positive in vitro contracture test (IVCT) or caffeine halothane contracture test (CHCT) result (if the proband was unavailable for testing, a positive diagnostic test result in a mutation-positive relative was counted), PS4_Moderate (PMID:24433488, 9450902, 10051009, 15731587). Functional study in HEK293 cells showed an increased sensitivity to RYR1 agonists, PS3_Moderate (PMID:9334205, 27586648). This variant resides in a region of RYR1 considered to be a hotspot for pathogenic variants that contribute to MHS, use PM1_Supporting to avoid overweighting with PM5 (PMID:21118704). Another variant has been assessed as pathogenic occurs at this codon, p.(Arg2458His) PM5. A REVEL score >0.85 (0.922) supports a pathogenic status for this variant, PP3_Moderate. Based on using Bayes to combine criteria this variant is assessed as Likely Pathogenic, (PMID:29300386). Criteria implemented: PS3_Moderate, PS4_Moderate, PM1_Supporting, PM5, PP3_Moderate. LINK:https://erepo.genome.network/evrepo/ui/classification/CA024784/MONDO:0007783/012

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000034 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: RYR1 NM_000540.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic; drug response reviewed by expert panel P:9 O:9
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 1.06
• Publications: 20 publications found

Genes affected

RYR1 (HGNC:10483): (ryanodine receptor 1) This gene encodes a ryanodine receptor found in skeletal muscle. The encoded protein functions as a calcium release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum but also serves to connect the sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubule. Mutations in this gene are associated with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, central core disease, and minicore myopathy with external ophthalmoplegia. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RYR1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• malignant hyperthermia, susceptibility to, 1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), PanelApp Australia, Genomics England PanelApp, Ambry Genetics, ClinGen
• RYR1-related myopathy

  Inheritance: AD, AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: ClinGen, PanelApp Australia
• congenital multicore myopathy with external ophthalmoplegia

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Genomics England PanelApp
• central core myopathy

  Inheritance: AD, AR Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Genomics England PanelApp
• King-Denborough syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• malignant hyperthermia of anesthesia

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• benign Samaritan congenital myopathy

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• congenital myopathy with myasthenic-like onset

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• lethal multiple pterygium syndrome

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_pathogenic. The variant received 9 ACMG points.

• PS3: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PS4: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PM1: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PM5: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PP3: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000540.3. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	RYR1	NM_000540.3	MANE Select	c.7372C>T	p.Arg2458Cys	missense	Exon 46 of 106	NP_000531.2	P21817-1
	RYR1	NM_001042723.2		c.7372C>T	p.Arg2458Cys	missense	Exon 46 of 105	NP_001036188.1	P21817-2

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	RYR1	ENST00000359596.8	TSL:5 MANE Select	c.7372C>T	p.Arg2458Cys	missense	Exon 46 of 106	ENSP00000352608.2	P21817-1
	RYR1	ENST00000355481.8	TSL:1	c.7372C>T	p.Arg2458Cys	missense	Exon 46 of 105	ENSP00000347667.3	P21817-2
	RYR1	ENST00000594335.6	TSL:1	n.7372C>T		non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 46 of 103	ENSP00000470927.2	M0R014

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.00000657 AC: 1 AN: 152158 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000147

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.00000398 AC: 1 AN: 251256 AF XY: 0.00000736

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.0000462

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000342 AC: 5 AN: 1461702 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 727150

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33470

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44720

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26136

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39700

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86252

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53344

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5684

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000450 AC: 5 AN: 1112010

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60386

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.00000657 AC: 1 AN: 152158 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000135 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 74346

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 41426

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 15280

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3472

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5184

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4832

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10622

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 314

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000147 AC: 1 AN: 68024

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2092

Alfa AF: 0.0000304 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Likely pathogenic; drug response

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
3	-	-	Malignant hyperthermia, susceptibility to, 1 (4)
2	-	-	Malignant hyperthermia of anesthesia (2)
2	-	-	not provided (3)
1	-	-	Congenital myopathy with fiber type disproportion;C1840365:King Denborough syndrome;C1850674:Congenital multicore myopathy with external ophthalmoplegia;C2930980:Malignant hyperthermia, susceptibility to, 1;C5830701:Central core myopathy (1)
1	-	-	RYR1-related disorder (1)
-	-	-	desflurane response - Toxicity (1)
-	-	-	enflurane response - Toxicity (1)
-	-	-	halothane response - Toxicity (1)
-	-	-	isoflurane response - Toxicity (1)
-	-	-	methoxyflurane response - Toxicity (1)
-	-	-	sevoflurane response - Toxicity (1)
-	-	-	succinylcholine response - Toxicity (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.57
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.51	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.49
CADD	Uncertain	25
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.87	D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.53
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.44
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.80	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	1.0	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.74	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.98	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.6	M
PhyloP100		1.1
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.86	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-7.2	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.92
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.87
MutPred		0.90		Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0477)
MVP		1.0
MPC		0.50
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.0
Varity_R		0.81
gMVP		0.90
Mutation Taster		=1/99	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.010		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs28933397; hg19: chr19-38991294;