rs28937317

Variant names:

• chr3-38560418-T-C
• rs28937317
• NM_001099404.2:c.3974A>G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 16 ACMG points: 16P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_001099404.2(SCN5A):​c.3974A>G​(p.Asn1325Ser) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000206 in 1,459,700 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. N1325K) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000021 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: SCN5A NM_001099404.2 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:6 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.95
• Publications: 44 publications found

Genes affected

SCN5A (HGNC:10593): (sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5) The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel subunit. This protein is found primarily in cardiac muscle and is responsible for the initial upstroke of the action potential in an electrocardiogram. Defects in this gene have been associated with long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3), atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, and Brugada syndrome 1, all autosomal dominant cardiac diseases. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

SCN5A Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Brugada syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Orphanet
• Brugada syndrome 1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, G2P, Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• dilated cardiomyopathy

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• dilated cardiomyopathy 1E

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics
• familial long QT syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• long QT syndrome 3

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P
• sick sinus syndrome 1

  Inheritance: AD, AR Classification: STRONG, LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• progressive familial heart block, type 1A

  Inheritance: SD, AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Genomics England PanelApp
• atrial standstill

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• familial atrial fibrillation

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• familial sick sinus syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• paroxysmal familial ventricular fibrillation

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• progressive familial heart block

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen
• catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen
• short QT syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 16 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 10 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 12 uncertain in NM_001099404.2
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.988
• PP5: Variant 3-38560418-T-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr3-38560418-T-C is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 9370.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
SCN5A	NM_001099404.2	c.3974A>G	p.Asn1325Ser	missense_variant	Exon 23 of 28	ENST00000413689.6	NP_001092874.1
SCN5A	NM_000335.5	c.3971A>G	p.Asn1324Ser	missense_variant	Exon 23 of 28	ENST00000423572.7	NP_000326.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
SCN5A	ENST00000413689.6	c.3974A>G	p.Asn1325Ser	missense_variant	Exon 23 of 28	5	NM_001099404.2	ENSP00000410257.1
SCN5A	ENST00000423572.7	c.3971A>G	p.Asn1324Ser	missense_variant	Exon 23 of 28	1	NM_000335.5	ENSP00000398266.2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000206 AC: 3 AN: 1459700 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 725988

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33458

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44682

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.0000386 AC: 1 AN: 25928

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39688

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 85904

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53300

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5760

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000180 AC: 2 AN: 1110668

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60312

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:6 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:2

Apr 06, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces asparagine, which is neutral and polar, with serine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 1325 of the SCN5A protein (p.Asn1325Ser). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individuals with long QT syndrome (PMID: 8541846, 17905336, 28412158; Invitae). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 9370). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be disruptive. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects SCN5A function (PMID: 8620612, 8917568, 19762097). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Jun 13, 2023

GeneDx

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Identified in patients with LQTS referred for genetic testing at GeneDx and in published literature (Wang et al., 1995; Splawski et al., 2000; Tester et al., 2005; Yong et al., 2007; Chung et al., 2007; Kapplinger et al., 2009; Anderson et al., 2017); Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); Published functional studies demonstrate a damaging effect using patch clamp studies that showed that N1325S results in abnormal channel current, and N1325S mouse cardiomyocytes showed contractile dysfunction, possibly caused by aberrant cardiomyocyte apoptosis (Dumaine et al., 1996; Wang et al., 1996; Tian et al., 2004; Yong et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2011); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 14736542, 8541846, 19762097, 8917568, 10973849, 19716085, 17118339, 17490620, 17157817, 21677263, 17905336, 8620612, 15840476, 28412158) -

Long QT syndrome 3 Pathogenic:2

Mar 10, 1995

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Feb 02, 2022

Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Based on the classification scheme VCGS_Germline_v1.3.4, this variant is classified as Pathogenic. Following criteria are met: 0103 - Loss of function and gain of function are both known mechanisms of disease in this gene. Loss of function is usually associated with Brugada syndrome 1 (MIM#601144) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS) (MIM#608567), whereas gain of function is usually associated with long QT syndrome (LQTS) (MIM#603830). Dilated cardiomyopathy 1E (DCM) (MIM#601154) can be caused by variants with either a loss- or gain of function mechanism (PMID: 29798782). However, some variants simultaneously result in both a loss- and gain of function effect, and have been observed in patients with LQTS, Brugada syndrome or SSS, and patients with a blended phenotype. Additionally, different studies have shown conflicting mechanisms in association with atrial fibrillation (MIM#614022) (PMIDs: 29806494, 19167345, 26798387). (I) 0108 - This gene is associated with both recessive and dominant disease. Most conditions associated with this gene are dominantly inherited; however SSS can be caused by recessive variants (OMIM). (I) 0112 - The condition associated with this gene has incomplete penetrance. Among individuals with an SCN5A pathogenic variant, approximately 20%-30% have an ECG diagnostic of Brugada syndrome and approximately 80% manifest the characteristic ECG changes when challenged with a sodium channel blocker (GeneReviews). (I) 0200 - Variant is predicted to result in a missense amino acid change from asparagine to serine. (I) 0251 - This variant is heterozygous. (I) 0301 - Variant is absent from gnomAD (both v2 and v3). (SP) 0501 - Missense variant consistently predicted to be damaging by multiple in silico tools or highly conserved with a major amino acid change. (SP) 0600 - Variant is located in the annotated DIII-S4/S5 domain (PMID: 27566755). (I) 0705 - No comparable missense variants have previous evidence for pathogenicity. (I) 0801 - This variant has very strong previous evidence of pathogenicity in unrelated individuals. This variant has been reported in at least twenty individuals with LQTS or LQT3. (ClinVar, PMIDs: 17905336, 27566755, 32848785). (SP) 1002 - This variant has moderate functional evidence supporting abnormal protein function. Compared to WT cells, HEK293 cells transfected with the p.(Asn1325Ser) mutant transcript demonstrated both increased availability of mutant channels and late sodium current which were reversed when treated with the sodium current inhibitor, mexiletine. However, patch clamp assays have been shown to be unreliable; therefore results from these studies are used with caution during variant classification (PMID: 32848785). (I) 1208 - Inheritance information for this variant is not currently available in this individual. (I) Legend: (SP) - Supporting pathogenic, (I) - Information, (SB) - Supporting benign -

Long QT syndrome Pathogenic:1

May 12, 2025

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: SCN5A c.3974A>G (p.Asn1325Ser) results in a conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function are either unavailable or do not agree on the potential impact of this missense change. The variant was absent in 250366 control chromosomes. c.3974A>G has been observed in multiple individuals affected with Long QT Syndrome (e.g. Wang_1995, Anderson_2017). These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function, the results show the variant impacts protein function (e.g. Zhang_2011, Wang_1996). The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 28412158, 8541846, 8917568, 19762097). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 9370). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

Cardiovascular phenotype Pathogenic:1

Oct 15, 2024

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.N1325S variant (also known as c.3974A>G), located in coding exon 22 of the SCN5A gene, results from an A to G substitution at nucleotide position 3974. The asparagine at codon 1325 is replaced by serine, an amino acid with highly similar properties. This alteration has been reported in multiple long QT syndrome (LQTS) cohorts and has been reported to segregate with disease in a large family (Wang Q, Hum. Mol. Genet. 1995 Sept;4(9):1603-7; Splawski I, Circulation 2000 Sep; 102(10):1178-85; Tester DJ, Heart Rhythm 2005 May; 2(5):507-17; Yong SL, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2007 Jan; 352(2):378-83; Chung SK, Heart Rhythm 2007 Oct; 4(10):1306-14; Kapplinger JD, Heart Rhythm 2009 Sep; 6(9):1297-303). In addition, this alteration has been shown to have an impact on sodium channel current (Dumaine R, Circ. Res. 1996 May; 78(5):916-24; Tian XL, Cardiovasc. Res. 2004 Feb;61(2):256-67; Yong SL, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2007 Jan; 352(2):378-83). This variant is considered to be rare based on population cohorts in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, the in silico prediction for this alteration is inconclusive. Based on the majority of available evidence to date, this variant is likely to be pathogenic. -

Congenital long QT syndrome Other:1

-

Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

Significance: not provided

Review Status: no classification provided

Collection Method: literature only

This variant has been reported as associated with Long QT syndrome in the following publications (PMID:8541846;PMID:14736542;PMID:15840476;PMID:17905336;PMID:19716085;PMID:19841300;PMID:19762097;PMID:8620612;PMID:8917568). This is a literature report, and does not necessarily reflect the clinical interpretation of the Imperial College / Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Genetics laboratory. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.22
CardioboostArm	Pathogenic	1.0
CardioboostCm	Uncertain	0.20
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.24	D
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	0.10
CADD	Pathogenic	26
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.96	.;.;.;.;.;D;.;.;.
Eigen	Uncertain	0.55
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.52
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.96	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.91	.;D;D;D;D;D;D;.;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.80	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.7	.;.;.;.;.;M;.;.;.
PhyloP100		7.9
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.81	D
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-4.2	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.92
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.035	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
Polyphen		0.59	P;D;.;P;.;P;D;.;.
Vest4		0.86
MutPred		0.93		Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.1367);.;Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.1367);Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.1367);.;Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.1367);.;.;.;
MVP		0.97
MPC		1.3
ClinPred		0.99	D
GERP RS		4.1
Varity_R		0.61
gMVP		0.94
Mutation Taster		=0/100	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.050		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs28937317; hg19: chr3-38601909;