rs28940893

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 14 ACMG points: 14P and 0B. PM1PM2PP3_ModeratePP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000487.6(ARSA):c.1283C>T(p.Pro428Leu) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000448 in 1,599,780 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.00037 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.00046 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

ARSA
NM_000487.6 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:28U:1O:2

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.45

Variant links:

Genes affected

ARSA (HGNC:713): (arylsulfatase A) The protein encoded by this gene hydrolyzes cerebroside sulfate to cerebroside and sulfate. Defects in this gene lead to metachromatic leucodystrophy (MLD), a progressive demyelination disease which results in a variety of neurological symptoms and ultimately death. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

ARSA links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 14 ACMG points.

PM1

In a strand (size 9) in uniprot entity ARSA_HUMAN there are 10 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_000487.6

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.91

PP5

Variant 22-50625392-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr22-50625392-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 3052.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr22-50625392-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic]. Variant chr22-50625392-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
ARSA	NM_000487.6 link	c.1283C>T	p.Pro428Leu	missense_variant	Exon 8 of 8	ENST00000216124.10	NP_000478.3	P15289A0A0C4DFZ2B4DVI5

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
ARSA	ENST00000216124.10 link	c.1283C>T	p.Pro428Leu	missense_variant	Exon 8 of 8	1	NM_000487.6	ENSP00000216124.5		A0A0C4DFZ2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.000368

AC:

AN:

152234

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000965

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.000262

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.000941

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.000544

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.000478

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.000391

AC:

AN:

242750

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.000418

AC XY:

AN XY:

131504

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.000189

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.0000589

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.000949

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.000605

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000677

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.000456

AC:

660

AN:

1447546

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000492

AC XY:

353

AN XY:

717926

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.000151

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.0000680

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.0000254

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.0000352

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.000749

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.000535

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.000318

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.000368

AC:

AN:

152234

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000282

AC XY:

AN XY:

74378

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.0000965

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.000262

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.000941

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.000544

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.000478

Alfa

AF:

0.000549

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.000366

TwinsUK

AF:

0.000539

AC:

ALSPAC

AF:

0.000519

AC:

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.000227

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000582

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.000346

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:28Uncertain:1Other:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

Pathogenic:12Other:2

Jun 03, 2022

Revvity Omics, Revvity

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Oct 10, 2022

Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Baylor Genetics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Mar 10, 2019

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: ARSA c.1283C>T (p.Pro428Leu) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Four of four in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0004 in 268786 control chromosomes. c.1283C>T has been reported in the literature in multiple individuals affected with Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (Polten_1991, Barth_1993). These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. A functional study, Polten_1991, found the enzymatic activity to be <10% of normal activity. Five ClinVar submissions from clinical diagnostic laboratories (evaluation after 2014) cite the variant as pathogenic. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

Feb 02, 2022

Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Based on the classification scheme VCGS_Germline_v1.3.4, this variant is classified as Pathogenic. Following criteria are met: 0102 - Loss of function is a known mechanism of disease in this gene and is associated with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MIM#250100). (I) 0106 - This gene is associated with autosomal recessive disease. (I) 0200 - Variant is predicted to result in a missense amino acid change from proline to leucine. (I) 0251 - This variant is heterozygous. (I) 0304 - Variant is present in gnomAD <0.01 (v2) for a recessive condition (105 heterozygotes, 0 homozygotes). (SP) 0501 - Missense variant consistently predicted to be damaging by multiple in silico tools or highly conserved with a major amino acid change. (SP) 0604 - Variant is not located in an established domain, motif, hotspot or informative constraint region. (I) 0705 - No comparable missense variants have previous evidence for pathogenicity. (I) 0801 - This variant has very strong previous evidence of pathogenicity in unrelated individuals. It has been reported as pathogenic in multiple individuals with metachromatic leukodystrophy (ClinVar, PMID: 26462614). (SP) 0903 - This variant has limited evidence for segregation with disease (PMID: 26462614). (SP) 1001 - This variant has strong functional evidence supporting abnormal protein function. It was shown to result in deficiency of protein octamerisation, lack of stability in lysosomes and reduced enzymatic activity (PMID: 11777924). (SP) 1208 - Inheritance information for this variant is not currently available in this individual. (I) Legend: (SP) - Supporting pathogenic, (I) - Information, (SB) - Supporting benign -

Nov 12, 2019

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

NM_000487.5(ARSA):c.1283C>T(P428L) is classified as pathogenic in the context of metachromatic leukodystrophy. Please note that the P428L variant is associated with the juvenile or adult form of this disease. Sources cited for classification include the following: PMID 8095918, 20339381, 11777924 and 1670590. Classification of NM_000487.5(ARSA):c.1283C>T(P428L) is based on the following criteria: This is a well-established pathogenic variant in the literature that has been observed more frequently in patients with clinical diagnoses than in healthy populations. Please note: this variant was assessed in the context of healthy population screening. -

Jan 04, 2018

Natera, Inc.

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Sep 26, 2024

Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Hospital Tübingen

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Detected in trans with another pathogenic variant -

Gelb Laboratory, University of Washington

Significance: not provided

Review Status: no classification provided

Collection Method: in vitro

- -

Jan 23, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces proline, which is neutral and non-polar, with leucine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 428 of the ARSA protein (p.Pro428Leu). This variant is present in population databases (rs28940893, gnomAD 0.08%). This missense change has been observed in individuals with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) (PMID: 1670590, 9090526, 9096767, 11941485, 26462614). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 3052). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt ARSA protein function with a positive predictive value of 95%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects ARSA function (PMID: 11777924, 11941485). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

GeneReviews

Significance: not provided

Review Status: no classification provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Feb 11, 2016

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Aug 03, 2022

MGZ Medical Genetics Center

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Mar 11, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

not provided

Pathogenic:11

Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Clinical Genetics DNA and cytogenetics Diagnostics Lab, Erasmus MC, Erasmus Medical Center

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Joint Genome Diagnostic Labs from Nijmegen and Maastricht, Radboudumc and MUMC+

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Jul 01, 2024

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

ARSA: PM3:Very Strong, PM1, PM2, PS3:Supporting -

Aug 06, 2015

Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Laboratory of Diagnostic Genome Analysis, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Mar 18, 2020

GeneDx

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

In silico analysis, which includes protein predictors and evolutionary conservation, supports a deleterious effect; Previously reported as P426L due to the use of alternate nomenclature; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 7866401, 8095918, 18786133, 1670590, 26462614, 29413149, 29915382, 31186049, 31980526) -

Apr 30, 2020

Athena Diagnostics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The frequency of this variant in the general population is consistent with pathogenicity (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org). This variant has been previously referred to as c.1277C>T (p.Pro426Leu) in published literature. Assessment of experimental evidence suggests this variant results in abnormal protein function. The variant prevents complete protein polymerization, leading to reduced stability, and complete proteolysis by lysosomal cysteine proteinases (PMID 11777924). In multiple individuals, this variant has been seen with a single recessive pathogenic variant in the same gene, suggesting this variant may also be pathogenic. Computational tools predict that this variant is damaging. -

ARYLSULFATASE A, ALLELE A

Pathogenic:1

Jan 01, 1997

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Metachromatic leukodystrophy, juvenile type

Pathogenic:1

Jan 01, 1997

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

ARSA-related disorder

Pathogenic:1

Aug 07, 2024

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

The ARSA c.1283C>T variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Pro428Leu. In the homozygous and compound heterozygous states, this variant has been documented in numerous patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy (Cesani et al. 2016. PubMed ID: 26462614). It is one of the most common causative variants in the ARSA gene, and functional studies support its pathogenicity (Polten et al. 1991. PubMed ID: 1670590, legacy nomenclature p.Pro426Leu). This variant is classified as pathogenic. -

See cases

Pathogenic:1

Sep 24, 2024

Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Muenster

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

ACMG categories: PS3,PS4,PM1,PM2_sup,PP3 -

Metachromatic leukodystrophy, adult type

Pathogenic:1

Jan 01, 1997

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Intellectual disability

Uncertain:1

Jan 01, 2019

Centre de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.32

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.59

CADD

Pathogenic

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.40

T;T;T;.;T

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.70

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.69

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.94

.;.;.;D;D

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.23

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.91

D;D;D;D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

1.1

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.64

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-9.6

D;D;D;D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.85

Sift

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D;D;D;D

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.0030

D;D;D;D;D

Vest4

0.95

MVP

0.97

ClinPred

0.97

GERP RS

5.6

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.7

gMVP

0.89

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over