rs397514580

Variant names:

• chr7-44146467-C-T
• rs397514580
• NM_000162.5:c.1015G>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. The variant received 7 ACMG points: 7P and 0B. PP1_Moderate PP2 PP3 PM2_Supporting PP4_Moderate

This summary comes from the ClinGen Evidence Repository: The c.1015G>A variant in the HNF1 homeobox A gene, HNF1A, causes an amino acid change of glutamic acid to lysine at codon 339 (p.(Glu339Lys)) of NM_000545.8. GCK is defined by the ClinGen MDEP as a gene that has a low rate of benign missense variation and has pathogenic missense variants as a common mechanism of disease (PP2). This variant is predicted to be deleterious by computational evidence, with a REVEL score of 0.963, which is greater than the MDEP VCEP threshold of 0.70 (PP3). While studies exploring the effect of this variant on protein function have been performed, these studies do not meet the criteria set forth by the MDEP for the application of PS3 or BS3 (PMID:221104275). This variant is absent from gnomAD v2.1.1 (PM2_Supporting). This variant was identified in two unrelated individuals with hyperglycemia; however, PS4_Moderate cannot be applied because this number is below the ClinGen MDEP threshold (MDEP, PMIDs: 21104275, 34362814). This variant segregated with hyperglycemia, with 4 informative meioses in one family (PP1_Moderate; PMID:21104275). The 5 individuals with the variant in this family had a clinical history highly specific for GCK-hyperglycemia (all FBG 5.5-8 mmol/L and mean HbA1c 5.6 - 7.6% and antibody-negative)(PP4_Moderate, PMID:21104275). In summary, c.1015G>A meets the criteria to be classified as likely pathogenic for monogenic diabetes. ACMG/AMP criteria applied, as specified by the ClinGen MDEP (specification version 1.3.0, approved 8/11/2023): PP1_Moderate, PP4_Moderate, PP2, PP3, PM2_Supporting. LINK:https://erepo.genome.network/evrepo/ui/classification/CA130526/MONDO:0015967/086

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 6.9e-7 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: GCK NM_000162.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic reviewed by expert panel P:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.74
• Publications: 10 publications found

Genes affected

GCK (HGNC:4195): (glucokinase) This gene encodes a member of the hexokinase family of proteins. Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. In contrast to other forms of hexokinase, this enzyme is not inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate but remains active while glucose is abundant. The use of multiple promoters and alternative splicing of this gene result in distinct protein isoforms that exhibit tissue-specific expression in the pancreas and liver. In the pancreas, this enzyme plays a role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, while in the liver, this enzyme is important in glucose uptake and conversion to glycogen. Mutations in this gene that alter enzyme activity have been associated with multiple types of diabetes and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

GCK Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• hyperinsulinism due to glucokinase deficiency

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, Orphanet
• maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• monogenic diabetes

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics
• transient neonatal diabetes mellitus

  Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• maturity-onset diabetes of the young

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ENSG00000300758 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_pathogenic. The variant received 7 ACMG points.

• PM2: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PP1: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PP2: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PP3: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PP4: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000162.5. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GCK	NM_000162.5	MANE Select	c.1015G>A	p.Glu339Lys	missense	Exon 8 of 10	NP_000153.1	Q53Y25
	GCK	NM_033507.3		c.1018G>A	p.Glu340Lys	missense	Exon 8 of 10	NP_277042.1	P35557-2
	GCK	NM_033508.3		c.1012G>A	p.Glu338Lys	missense	Exon 9 of 11	NP_277043.1	P35557-3

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GCK	ENST00000403799.8	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.1015G>A	p.Glu339Lys	missense	Exon 8 of 10	ENSP00000384247.3	P35557-1
	GCK	ENST00000395796.8	TSL:1	n.*1013G>A		non_coding_transcript_exon	Exon 9 of 11	ENSP00000379142.4	A0A8C8KJG0
	GCK	ENST00000395796.8	TSL:1	n.*1013G>A		3_prime_UTR	Exon 9 of 11	ENSP00000379142.4	A0A8C8KJG0

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome AF: 6.89e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1452022 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 722816

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33464

American (AMR) AF: 0.0000224 AC: 1 AN: 44702

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26112

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39692

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86240

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 43988

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5638

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 1111884

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60302

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

Alfa AF: 0.000368 Hom.: 0

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
1	-	-	Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 (1)
1	-	-	Monogenic diabetes (1)
1	-	-	not provided (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.97
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.54	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.54
CADD	Pathogenic	31
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.91	D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.84
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.76
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.97	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.98	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.93	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.1	M
PhyloP100		7.7
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.84	D
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.6	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.96
Sift	Uncertain	0.0030	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0030	D
Polyphen		0.99	D
Vest4		0.98
MutPred		0.94		Gain of ubiquitination at E339 (P = 0.0109)
MVP		0.96
MPC		2.1
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.8
PromoterAI		0.063	Neutral
Varity_R		0.96
gMVP		1.0
Mutation Taster		=3/97	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.11		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs397514580; hg19: chr7-44186066;