rs397514610

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 16 ACMG points: 16P and 0B. PM1PM2PP3_StrongPP5_Very_Strong

The NM_006567.5(FARS2):c.431A>G(p.Tyr144Cys) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000479 in 1,461,888 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

Frequency

Genomes: not found (cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000048 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

FARS2
NM_006567.5 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:8O:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.08

Publications

17 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

FARS2 (HGNC:21062): (phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial) This gene encodes a protein that transfers phenylalanine to its cognate tRNA. This protein localizes to the mitochondrion and plays a role in mitochondrial protein translation. Mutations in this gene can cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 14 (Alpers encephalopathy). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

FARS2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

metabolic disease
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: G2P
combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 14
Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG, MODERATE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, Ambry Genetics, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
hereditary spastic paraplegia 77
Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: Orphanet, Ambry Genetics, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
Leigh syndrome
Inheritance: AR Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: ClinGen

FARS2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 16 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 4 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 13 uncertain in NM_006567.5

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.942

PP5

Variant 6-5369001-A-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr6-5369001-A-G is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 39824.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
FARS2	NM_006567.5 link	c.431A>G	p.Tyr144Cys	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 7	ENST00000274680.9	NP_006558.1	O95363

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	UniProt
FARS2	ENST00000274680.9 link	c.431A>G	p.Tyr144Cys	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 7	1	NM_006567.5	ENSP00000274680.4	O95363
FARS2	ENST00000324331.10 link	c.431A>G	p.Tyr144Cys	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 7	1		ENSP00000316335.5	O95363
FARS2	ENST00000648580.1 link	n.431A>G		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	Exon 2 of 9			ENSP00000497889.1	A0A3B3ITR6

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

Cov.:

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000479

AC:

AN:

1461888

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000825

AC XY:

AN XY:

727248

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33478

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26136

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.0000504

AC:

AN:

39700

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.0000232

AC:

AN:

86258

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53420

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.000173

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

8.99e-7

AC:

AN:

1112008

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.0000166

AC:

AN:

60396

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.504

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

Cov.:

Alfa

AF:

0.00

Hom.:

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:8Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 14

Pathogenic:6Other:1

Jan 10, 2016

Lupski Lab, Baylor-Hopkins CMG, Baylor College of Medicine

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:research

- -

Sep 26, 2019

Biochemical Molecular Genetic Laboratory, King Abdulaziz Medical City

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Oct 15, 2012

OMIM

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:literature only

- -

Jun 13, 2018

Wong Mito Lab, Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Mar 14, 2024

Genomic Medicine Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

GeneReviews

Significance:not provided

Review Status:no classification provided

Collection Method:literature only

- -

Mar 25, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces tyrosine, which is neutral and polar, with cysteine, which is neutral and slightly polar, at codon 144 of the FARS2 protein (p.Tyr144Cys). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individuals with clinical features of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (PMID: 22499341, 22833457, 30177229). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 39824). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt FARS2 protein function with a positive predictive value of 95%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects FARS2 function (PMID: 22833457). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

not provided

Pathogenic:1

Jun 22, 2016

GeneDx

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The Y144C missense variant in the FARS2 gene has been identified through whole exome sequencing in the homozygous state in three siblings with mitochondrial encephalopathy (Shamseldin et al. 2012). Functional studies found that Y144C disrupts tRNA binding and stability of the mitochondrial phenylalanyl transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase (mtPheRS) protein leading to a decrease in tRNA charging capacity (Elo et al. 2012). The Y144C variant was not observed in approximately 6500 individuals of European and African American ancestry in the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project, indicating it is not a common benign variant in these populations. The Y144C variant is a non-conservative amino acid substitution, which is likely to impact secondary protein structure as these residues differ in polarity, charge, size and/or other properties. This substitution occurs at a position that is conserved across species, and in silico analysis predicts this variant is probably damaging to the protein structure/function. In summary, we interpret this variant to be likely pathogenic. This finding is likely consistent with a diagnosis of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-14 in this patient. However, this result could also be seen if the patient had one allele with the Y144C pathogenic variant and one allele that was partially missing or refractory to amplification. -

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy;C0557874:Global developmental delay

Pathogenic:1

Dec 01, 2014

Genomic Medicine Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:research

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Uncertain

0.55

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.38

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.30

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.55

D;D

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.82

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.72

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.97

.;D

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.14

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.94

D;D

MetaSVM

Uncertain

0.11

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

4.1

H;H

PhyloP100

7.1

PrimateAI

Pathogenic

0.80

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-8.2

D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.70

Sift

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D

Polyphen

1.0

D;D

Vest4

0.89

MutPred

0.81

Loss of phosphorylation at Y144 (P = 0.0287);Loss of phosphorylation at Y144 (P = 0.0287);

MVP

0.91

MPC

0.75

ClinPred

1.0

GERP RS

4.2

Varity_R

0.94

gMVP

0.85

Mutation Taster

=3/97

disease causing (ClinVar)

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

You must be logged in to view publications. This limit was set because tens of millions (!) of queries from AI bots are generated daily.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over