rs746610168

Positions:

chr16-8811152-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 11 ACMG points: 11P and 0B. PM1PM2PM5PP3_StrongPP5

The NM_000303.3(PMM2):c.421C>T(p.Arg141Cys) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000292 in 1,573,038 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R141H) has been classified as Pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000033 ( 0 hom., cov: 34)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000029 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

PMM2
NM_000303.3 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:8U:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 3.02

Variant links:

Genes affected

PMM2 (HGNC:9115): (phosphomannomutase 2) The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the isomerization of mannose 6-phosphate to mannose 1-phosphate, which is a precursor to GDP-mannose necessary for the synthesis of dolichol-P-oligosaccharides. Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause defects in glycoprotein biosynthesis, which manifests as carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type I. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PMM2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 11 ACMG points.

PM1

In a chain Phosphomannomutase 2 (size 244) in uniprot entity PMM2_HUMAN there are 79 pathogenic changes around while only 2 benign (98%) in NM_000303.3

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr16-8811153-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.993

PP5

Variant 16-8811152-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr16-8811152-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 550780.We mark this variant Likely_pathogenic, oryginal submissions are: {Likely_pathogenic=5, Uncertain_significance=1, Pathogenic=1}.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PMM2	NM_000303.3 linkuse as main transcript	c.421C>T	p.Arg141Cys	missense_variant	5/8	ENST00000268261.9	NP_000294.1
PMM2	XM_047434215.1 linkuse as main transcript	c.172C>T	p.Arg58Cys	missense_variant	3/6		XP_047290171.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PMM2	ENST00000268261.9 linkuse as main transcript	c.421C>T	p.Arg141Cys	missense_variant	5/8	1	NM_000303.3	ENSP00000268261	P1	O15305-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000329

AC:

AN:

152162

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000483

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000441

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000207

AC:

AN:

193568

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000193

AC XY:

AN XY:

103370

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.0000830

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.0000392

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000253

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000289

AC:

AN:

1420876

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000256

AC XY:

AN XY:

703576

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.0000922

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.0000262

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.0000122

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.0000313

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.0000341

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000329

AC:

AN:

152162

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000269

AC XY:

AN XY:

74320

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.0000483

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000441

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.000141

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000340

ExAC

AF:

0.0000341

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:8Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

PMM2-congenital disorder of glycosylation

Pathogenic:6

Likely pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Natera, Inc.	Sep 16, 2020	- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Feb 17, 2017	- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics	Sep 14, 2021	- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Oct 06, 2023	This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with cysteine, which is neutral and slightly polar, at codon 141 of the PMM2 protein (p.Arg141Cys). The frequency data for this variant in the population databases is considered unreliable, as metrics indicate poor data quality at this position in the gnomAD database. This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with congenital disorder of glycosylation (PMID: 15844218). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 550780). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt PMM2 protein function. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects PMM2 function (PMID: 15844218). This variant disrupts the p.Arg141 amino acid residue in PMM2. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 9497260, 11517108, 19357119, 21541725, 25355454). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Feb 21, 2020	Variant summary: PMM2 c.421C>T (p.Arg141Cys) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 2.1e-05 in 193568 control chromosomes (gnomAD). c.421C>T has been reported in the literature in a family affected with Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Type 1a (LeBizec_2005). These data do not allow any conclusion about variant significance. At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function. The most pronounced variant effect results in <10% of normal activity in an E. coli-based expression system (LeBizec_2005). Two other clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation. Both laboratories cited the variant as likely pathogenic. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as likely pathogenic. -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Baylor Genetics	Dec 23, 2023	- -

PMM2-related disorder

Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

clinical testing

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Sep 24, 2024

The PMM2 c.421C>T variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Arg141Cys. This variant along with a second variant in this gene has been reported in one family with congenital disorder of glycosylation 1a (Le Bizec et al. 2005. PubMed ID: 15844218). A different variant affecting the same amino acid (p.Arg141His) has been reported to be the most common disease allele for carbohydrate-deficient-glycoprotein syndrome type 1 (Matthijs et al. 1998. PubMed ID: 9497260). This variant is reported in 0.0048% of alleles in individuals of African descent in gnomAD. In ClinVar, this variant has been reported as likely pathogenic/pathogenic (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/550780/). This variant is interpreted as likely pathogenic. -

not provided

Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Mar 14, 2022

Reported in a patient with Congenital disorder of Glycosylation type Ia who also harbored an additional missense variant in the PMM2 gene (Le Bizec et al., 2005); Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; Published functional studies demonstrate that this variant has a damaging effect on the function of the PMM2 protein (Le Bizec et al., 2005); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 11058895, 26206375, 16540464, 15844218) -

Inborn genetic diseases

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Dec 21, 2022

The c.421C>T (p.R141C) alteration is located in exon 5 (coding exon 5) of the PMM2 gene. This alteration results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 421, causing the arginine (R) at amino acid position 141 to be replaced by a cysteine (C). Based on insufficient or conflicting evidence, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.95

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.55

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.55

CADD

Pathogenic

DANN

Pathogenic

1.0

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.94

D;D

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.80

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.69

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.90

LIST_S2

Pathogenic

1.0

D;D

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.49

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.99

D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

1.0

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

4.1

.;H

MutationTaster

Benign

1.0

D;D;D;D;D

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.68

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-7.7

D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.94

Sift

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D

Polyphen

1.0

.;D

Vest4

0.98

MutPred

0.97

.;Loss of disorder (P = 0.0313);

MVP

0.97

MPC

0.043

ClinPred

1.0

GERP RS

4.4

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.7

Varity_R

0.98

gMVP

0.91

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.010

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over