rs749452002

Positions:

• chr19-12896018-G-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000159.4(GCDH):​c.532G>A​(p.Gly178Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000684 in 1,461,864 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 12/21 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. G178E) has been classified as Pathogenic.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 31)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000068 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: GCDH NM_000159.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:7
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.48

Genes affected

GCDH (HGNC:4189): (glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase) The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. It catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glutaryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA and CO(2) in the degradative pathway of L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine, and L-tryptophan metabolism. It uses electron transfer flavoprotein as its electron acceptor. The enzyme exists in the mitochondrial matrix as a homotetramer of 45-kD subunits. Mutations in this gene result in the metabolic disorder glutaric aciduria type 1, which is also known as glutaric acidemia type I. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a strand (size 3) in uniprot entity GCDH_HUMAN there are 10 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_000159.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr19-12896019-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.99
• PP5: Variant 19-12896018-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr19-12896018-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 371271.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr19-12896018-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic]. Variant chr19-12896018-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GCDH	NM_000159.4	c.532G>A	p.Gly178Arg	missense_variant	7/12	ENST00000222214.10	NP_000150.1
GCDH	NM_013976.5	c.532G>A	p.Gly178Arg	missense_variant	7/12		NP_039663.1
GCDH	NR_102316.1	n.695G>A		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	7/12
GCDH	NR_102317.1	n.948G>A		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	6/11

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GCDH	ENST00000222214.10	c.532G>A	p.Gly178Arg	missense_variant	7/12	1	NM_000159.4	ENSP00000222214	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 31

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.0000119 AC: 3 AN: 251268 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00000736 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 135898

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.0000289

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.0000544

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00000880

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000684 AC: 10 AN: 1461864 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00000550 AC XY: 4 AN XY: 727232

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.0000671

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.0000252

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000540

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 31

ExAC AF: 0.00000824 AC: 1

EpiCase AF: 0.0000545

EpiControl AF: 0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:7

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Glutaric aciduria, type 1 Pathogenic:7

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Baylor Genetics	Mar 24, 2024	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Oct 05, 2023	This sequence change replaces glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 178 of the GCDH protein (p.Gly178Arg). This variant is present in population databases (rs749452002, gnomAD 0.006%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with glutaric acidemia (PMID: 8900227, 11073722, 21176883, 28352331). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 371271). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt GCDH protein function. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Natera, Inc.	Jun 22, 2021	- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Aug 16, 2016	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Oct 28, 2022	Variant summary: GCDH c.532G>A (p.Gly178Arg) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the Acyl-CoA oxidase/dehydrogenase, middle domain of the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 1.2e-05 in 251268 control chromosomes. c.532G>A has been reported in the literature in multiple individuals affected with Glutaric Acidemia Type 1, including multiple affected family members (examples: Biery_1996, Mushimoto_2011, Zhang_2017, Tan_2021, Lin_2021). These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. Additionally, a different variant affecting the same codon has been reported in association with Glutaric acidaemia 1 in HGMD (p.G178E). Three clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation. All laboratories classified the variant as pathogenic/likely pathogenic. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Revvity Omics, Revvity	Feb 06, 2023	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics	Jan 14, 2022	- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.95
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.47	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.60
CADD	Pathogenic	32
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.96
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.84
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	1.0	.;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.83	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.0	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.9	H;H
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D;D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.77	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-7.8	D;.
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.98
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;.
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;D
Vest4		0.98
MutPred		0.95		Gain of methylation at G178 (P = 0.0848);Gain of methylation at G178 (P = 0.0848);
MVP		0.99
MPC		1.3
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.2
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.99
gMVP		0.98

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.010		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs749452002; hg19: chr19-13006832;