rs749893889

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 19 ACMG points: 19P and 0B. PM1PM2PM5PP2PP3_StrongPP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000153.4(GALC):c.1591C>T(p.Arg531Cys) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000174 in 1,609,872 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R531P) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000020 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000017 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

GALC
NM_000153.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:5

Conservation

PhyloP100: 6.50

Publications

4 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

GALC (HGNC:4115): (galactosylceramidase) This gene encodes a lysosomal protein which hydrolyzes the galactose ester bonds of galactosylceramide, galactosylsphingosine, lactosylceramide, and monogalactosyldiglyceride. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Krabbe disease, also known as globoid cell leukodystrophy. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GALC Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

Krabbe disease
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Myriad Women’s Health, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), PanelApp Australia, ClinGen, Genomics England PanelApp

GALC links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 19 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 2 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 1 benign, 4 uncertain in NM_000153.4

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr14-87945631-C-G is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 623356.

PP2

Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 94 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 16 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 0.18582 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: -0.28853 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to Krabbe disease.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.961

PP5

Variant 14-87945632-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr14-87945632-G-A is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 188997.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GALC	NM_000153.4 link	c.1591C>T	p.Arg531Cys	missense_variant	Exon 14 of 17	ENST00000261304.7	NP_000144.2	P54803-1A0A0A0MQV0

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GALC	ENST00000261304.7 link	c.1591C>T	p.Arg531Cys	missense_variant	Exon 14 of 17	1	NM_000153.4	ENSP00000261304.2		P54803-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

151998

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000241

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.000207

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.0000943

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000442

AC:

AN:

248930

AF XY:

0.0000518

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.000186

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000620

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000171

AC:

AN:

1457756

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000207

AC XY:

AN XY:

725482

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000300

AC:

AN:

33340

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44606

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26058

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39668

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86190

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.0000936

AC:

AN:

53398

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5748

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000162

AC:

AN:

1108514

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.0000166

AC:

AN:

60234

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.489

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152116

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000269

AC XY:

AN XY:

74358

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000241

AC:

AN:

41538

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15260

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3468

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5136

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.000207

AC:

AN:

4830

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.0000943

AC:

AN:

10608

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

294

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

67956

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2114

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.492

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Alfa

AF:

0.0000247

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000189

ExAC

AF:

0.0000579

AC:

Asia WGS

AF:

0.000289

AC:

AN:

3478

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:5

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase deficiency

Pathogenic:4

Oct 01, 2014

Counsyl

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:literature only

This submission and the accompanying classification are no longer maintained by the submitter. For more information on current observations and classification, please contact variantquestions@myriad.com. -

Mar 14, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Feb 01, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with cysteine, which is neutral and slightly polar, at codon 531 of the GALC protein (p.Arg531Cys). This variant is present in population databases (rs749893889, gnomAD 0.02%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with Krabbe disease (PMID: 9338580, 17824908, 30777126). This variant is also known as R515C. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 188997). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt GALC protein function with a positive predictive value of 95%. Experimental studies are conflicting or provide insufficient evidence to determine the effect of this variant on GALC function (PMID: 27638593). This variant disrupts the p.Arg531 amino acid residue in GALC. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 10234611, 16607461, 26795590, 27126738, 28976722). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Mar 31, 2021

Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

not provided

Pathogenic:1

Jan 07, 2015

Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Karolinska University Hospital

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Uncertain

0.42

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.40

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.52

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.91

D;.;.;.

Eigen

Uncertain

0.45

Eigen_PC

Uncertain

0.32

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.93

LIST_S2

Pathogenic

0.99

D;D;D;D

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.29

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.96

D;D;D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

1.1

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.1

M;.;.;.

PhyloP100

6.5

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.56

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-7.2

D;D;D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.87

Sift

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D;D;D

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D;D;D

Polyphen

1.0

D;D;D;.

Vest4

0.96

MVP

0.97

MPC

0.68

ClinPred

0.91

GERP RS

4.6

Varity_R

0.83

gMVP

0.92

Mutation Taster

=2/98

disease causing (ClinVar)

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over