rs864321656
Variant summary
Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 14 ACMG points: 14P and 0B. PM1PM2PP3_ModeratePP5_Very_Strong
The NM_000162.5(GCK):c.1030G>T(p.Asp344Tyr) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★★).
Frequency
Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
Exomes 𝑓: 0.0 ( 0 hom. )
Failed GnomAD Quality Control
Consequence
GCK
NM_000162.5 missense
NM_000162.5 missense
Scores
8
5
1
Clinical Significance
Conservation
PhyloP100: 7.82
Genes affected
GCK (HGNC:4195): (glucokinase) This gene encodes a member of the hexokinase family of proteins. Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. In contrast to other forms of hexokinase, this enzyme is not inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate but remains active while glucose is abundant. The use of multiple promoters and alternative splicing of this gene result in distinct protein isoforms that exhibit tissue-specific expression in the pancreas and liver. In the pancreas, this enzyme plays a role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, while in the liver, this enzyme is important in glucose uptake and conversion to glycogen. Mutations in this gene that alter enzyme activity have been associated with multiple types of diabetes and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]
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ACMG classification
Classification made for transcript
Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 14 ACMG points.
PM1
?
In a hotspot region, there are 3 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 1 benign, 2 uncertain in NM_000162.5
PM2
?
Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;
PP3
?
MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.87
PP5
?
Variant 7-44145720-C-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr7-44145720-C-A is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 219179.Status of the report is reviewed_by_expert_panel, 3 stars.
Transcripts
RefSeq
Gene | Transcript | HGVSc | HGVSp | Effect | #exon/exons | MANE | UniProt |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GCK | NM_000162.5 | c.1030G>T | p.Asp344Tyr | missense_variant | 9/10 | ENST00000403799.8 |
Ensembl
Gene | Transcript | HGVSc | HGVSp | Effect | #exon/exons | TSL | MANE | Appris | UniProt |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GCK | ENST00000403799.8 | c.1030G>T | p.Asp344Tyr | missense_variant | 9/10 | 1 | NM_000162.5 | P1 |
Frequencies
GnomAD3 genomes ? Cov.: 33
GnomAD3 genomes
?
Cov.:
33
GnomAD4 exome Data not reliable, filtered out with message: AC0 AF: 0.00 AC: 0AN: 1438394Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0AN XY: 715202
GnomAD4 exome
Data not reliable, filtered out with message: AC0
AF:
AC:
0
AN:
1438394
Hom.:
Cov.:
32
AF XY:
AC XY:
0
AN XY:
715202
Gnomad4 AFR exome
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GnomAD4 genome ? Cov.: 33
GnomAD4 genome
?
Cov.:
33
ClinVar
Significance: Likely pathogenic
Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2Uncertain:2
Revision: reviewed by expert panel
LINK: link
Submissions by phenotype
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 Uncertain:2
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences Pvt Ltd | - | This is a novel variant present in hexokinase type-2 domain and the amino acid is conserved across mammals, primates and vertebrates. A number of genetic alterations have been reported in association with MODY and diabetes in the vicinity of the observed variant. One such variant, p.Ser340Gly was reported as likely disease causing in association with MODY [ClinVar] Another missense change, p.Ile348Asn was reported in white Caucasians of Slavic origin affected with GCK-MODY. The phenotypes seen in affected population include mild diabetes and/or fasting hyperglycaemia, positive C-peptide at diagnosis and dominant mode of inheritance [PMID:21348868]]. Another variant, p. Glu339Gly was reported to cause MODY [PMID:19790256] as well as hyperglycemia. Functional characterization of this variant showed lower enzyme activity and impaired protein stability. It also impaired the structural conformation of the protein [PMID:21420961]. - |
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter | research | Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Max Healthcare Institute Ltd. | Jun 25, 2017 | Uncertain significance - |
Monogenic diabetes Pathogenic:1
Likely pathogenic, reviewed by expert panel | curation | ClinGen Monogenic Diabetes Variant Curation Expert Panel | Apr 28, 2024 | The c.1030G>T variant in the glucokinase gene, GCK, causes an amino acid change of aspartate to tyrosine at codon 344 (p.(Asp344Tyr)) of NM_000162.5. This variant is absent from gnomAD v2.1.1 (PM2_Supporting). GCK is defined by the ClinGen MDEP as a gene that has a low rate of benign missense variation and has pathogenic missense variants as a common mechanism of disease (PP2). This variant is predicted to be deleterious by computational evidence, with a REVEL score of 0.861, which is greater than the MDEP VCEP threshold of 0.70 (PP3). This variant was identified in 2 unrelated individuals with hyperglycemia; however, PS4_Moderate cannot be applied because this number is below the ClinGen MDEP threshold (PMID: 27016322, internal lab contributors). This variant was identified in an individual with a clinical history highly specific for GCK-hyperglycemia (FBG 5.5-8 mmol/L and HbA1c 5.6 - 7.6% and OGTT 2H increment < 3 mmol/L and negative antibodies) (PP4_Moderate; PMID: 27016322). This variant has been detected in the homozygous state in 1 individual with permanent neonatal diabetes (PM3_Supporting; internal lab contributors). This variant segregated with hyperglycemia with two informative meioses in a single family; however, this does not meet the thresholds for PP1 set by the ClinGen MDEP (PMIDs: 27236918, 27016322). In summary, c.1165G>C meets the criteria to be classified as likely pathogenic for monogenic diabetes. ACMG/AMP criteria applied, as specified by the ClinGen MDEP (specification version 1.3.0, approved 8/11/2023): PP4_Moderate, PM2_supporting, PP2, PP3, PM3_Supporting. - |
Maturity onset diabetes mellitus in young Pathogenic:1
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter | research | Clinical Genomics, Uppaluri K&H Personalized Medicine Clinic | - | Potent mutations in GCK gene is associated with poor secretion of insulin. Its associated with milder forms of diabetes, which can be controlled by diet . However, there is no sufficient evidence to ascertain the significance of rs864321656 in MODY, yet. - |
Computational scores
Source:
Name
Calibrated prediction
Score
Prediction
AlphaMissense
Uncertain
BayesDel_addAF
Pathogenic
D
BayesDel_noAF
Pathogenic
Cadd
Pathogenic
Dann
Uncertain
Eigen
Pathogenic
Eigen_PC
Pathogenic
FATHMM_MKL
Pathogenic
D
LIST_S2
Uncertain
D;D;D;.;D;D
M_CAP
Pathogenic
D
MetaRNN
Pathogenic
D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM
Pathogenic
D
MutationTaster
Benign
D;D;D;D
PrimateAI
Uncertain
T
Sift4G
Uncertain
D;T;D;D;D;D
Polyphen
D;.;D;D;D;D
Vest4
MutPred
0.56
.;.;Gain of loop (P = 0.0195);.;.;.;
MVP
MPC
2.4
ClinPred
D
GERP RS
Varity_R
gMVP
Splicing
Name
Calibrated prediction
Score
Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)
Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at