rs875989919

chr19-11113421-T-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000527.5(LDLR):c.1330T>C(p.Ser444Pro) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000000684 in 1,461,688 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. S444F) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 29)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 6.8e-7 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: LDLR NM_000527.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:4
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.90

Genes affected

LDLR (HGNC:6547): (low density lipoprotein receptor) The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family consists of cell surface proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of specific ligands. The encoded protein is normally bound at the cell membrane, where it binds low density lipoprotein/cholesterol and is taken into the cell. Lysosomes release the cholesterol, which is made available for repression of microsomal enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. At the same time, a reciprocal stimulation of cholesterol ester synthesis takes place. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal dominant disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 10 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 10 uncertain in NM_000527.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr19-11113422-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 1120246.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.99
• PP5: Variant 19-11113421-T-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr19-11113421-T-C is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 226354.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr19-11113421-T-C is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
LDLR	NM_000527.5	c.1330T>C	p.Ser444Pro	missense_variant	9/18	ENST00000558518.6

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
LDLR	ENST00000558518.6	c.1330T>C	p.Ser444Pro	missense_variant	9/18	1	NM_000527.5	P3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 29

GnomAD4 exome AF: 6.84e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1461688 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 727140

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 8.99e-7

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 29

ClinVar

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:4

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1 Pathogenic:3

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	research	Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Diagnostiek Experimentele Vasculaire Geneeskunde, Academisch Medisch Centrum	-	- -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA - Fiona Stanley Hospital	Jun 09, 2008	- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	literature only	LDLR-LOVD, British Heart Foundation	Mar 25, 2016	- -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Jun 08, 2017

The S444P variant (reported as S423P due to historic nomenclature) has been reported previously in a few unrelated individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia, two of whom harbored a second LDLR variant (Laurie et al., 2004; Kusters et al., 2013). The S444P variant is not observed in large population cohorts (Lek et al., 2016). The S444P variant is a non-conservative amino acid substitution, which is likely to impact secondary protein structure as these residues differ in polarity, charge, size and/or other properties. This substitution occurs within the LDL-receptor class B 2 repeat region. In-silico analyses, including protein predictors and evolutionary conservation, support a deleterious effect. We interpret S444P as a likely pathogenic variant. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.99
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.52	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.51
Cadd	Pathogenic	29
Dann	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.95	D;.;.;.;.;.
Eigen	Uncertain	0.66
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.58
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.97	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.95	D;D;D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.88	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.6	H;.;.;.;.;H
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D;D;D;D;D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.51	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.4	D;D;D;D;D;D
Sift	Benign	0.077	T;D;D;T;D;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.069	T;D;D;T;T;T
Polyphen		0.98	D;.;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.91
MutPred		0.91		Loss of stability (P = 0.0332);Loss of stability (P = 0.0332);.;.;.;Loss of stability (P = 0.0332);
MVP		1.0
MPC		0.91
ClinPred		0.99	D
GERP RS		4.9
Varity_R		0.98
gMVP		1.0

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs875989919; hg19: chr19-11224097;