rs960226186

Positions:

• chr19-50403196-G-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -6 ACMG points: 0P and 6B. BP4_Moderate BS2

The NM_002691.4(POLD1):​c.1114G>A​(p.Glu372Lys) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000568 in 1,408,286 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 13/21 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000057 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: POLD1 NM_002691.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:7
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 3.61

Genes affected

POLD1 (HGNC:9175): (DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunit) This gene encodes the 125-kDa catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta. DNA polymerase delta possesses both polymerase and 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and plays a critical role in DNA replication and repair. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

POLD1 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -6 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.1355981).
• BS2: High AC in GnomAdExome4 at 8 AD gene.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
POLD1	NM_002691.4	c.1114G>A	p.Glu372Lys	missense_variant	9/27	ENST00000440232.7	NP_002682.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
POLD1	ENST00000440232.7	c.1114G>A	p.Glu372Lys	missense_variant	9/27	1	NM_002691.4	ENSP00000406046.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000568 AC: 8 AN: 1408286 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000288 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 695484

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.0000201

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000554

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.0000171

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

Alfa AF: 0.0000389 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000189

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:7

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not specified Uncertain:3

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital	Aug 15, 2023	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Mar 07, 2023	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago	Feb 24, 2020	DNA sequence analysis of the POLD1 gene demonstrated a sequence change, c.1114G>A, in exon 9 that results in an amino acid change, p.Glu372Lys. This sequence change does not appear to have been previously described in patients with POLD1-related disorders and has also not been described in population databases (gnomAD, ExAC). The p.Glu372Lys change affects a poorly conserved amino acid residue located in a domain of the POLD1 protein that is known to be functional. In-silico pathogenicity prediction tools (SIFT, PolyPhen2, Align GVGD, REVEL) provide contradictory results for the p.Glu372Lys substitution. Due to these contrasting evidences and the lack of functional studies, the clinical significance of the p.Glu372Lys change remains unknown at this time. -

Colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10 Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Baylor Genetics	Mar 17, 2024	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Feb 01, 2024	This sequence change replaces glutamic acid, which is acidic and polar, with lysine, which is basic and polar, at codon 372 of the POLD1 protein (p.Glu372Lys). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with POLD1-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 408097). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt POLD1 protein function with a negative predictive value of 80%. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

not provided Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Oct 19, 2022

Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Has not been previously published as pathogenic or benign to our knowledge; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 20951805) -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Mar 01, 2023

The p.E372K variant (also known as c.1114G>A), located in coding exon 8 of the POLD1 gene, results from a G to A substitution at nucleotide position 1114. The glutamic acid at codon 372 is replaced by lysine, an amino acid with similar properties. This amino acid position is not well conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.10
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.22	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.56
CADD	Benign	23
DANN	Uncertain	0.98
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.16	T;.;.;T
Eigen	Benign	-0.47
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.36
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.71	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.90	.;.;D;D
M_CAP	Benign	0.0088	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.14	T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.99	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	-0.14	N;.;.;N
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.59	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.1	N;.;.;.
REVEL	Benign	0.029
Sift	Benign	0.55	T;.;.;.
Sift4G	Benign	0.66	T;T;T;T
Polyphen		0.042	B;.;.;B
Vest4		0.43
MutPred		0.42		Gain of methylation at E372 (P = 0.031);Gain of methylation at E372 (P = 0.031);Gain of methylation at E372 (P = 0.031);Gain of methylation at E372 (P = 0.031);
MVP		0.49
MPC		0.71
ClinPred		0.39	T
GERP RS		2.2
Varity_R		0.11
gMVP		0.65

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs960226186; hg19: chr19-50906453;