chr7-44153475-G-A
Variant names:
Variant summary
Our verdict is Benign. Variant got -20 ACMG points: 0P and 20B. BP4_StrongBP6_Very_StrongBS1BS2
The NM_000162.5(GCK):c.46-12C>T variant causes a intron change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00315 in 1,613,358 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, including 17 homozygotes. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely benign (★★).
Frequency
Genomes: 𝑓 0.0028 ( 4 hom., cov: 32)
Exomes 𝑓: 0.0032 ( 13 hom. )
Consequence
GCK
NM_000162.5 intron
NM_000162.5 intron
Scores
2
Splicing: ADA: 0.00001948
2
Clinical Significance
Conservation
PhyloP100: -0.362
Genes affected
GCK (HGNC:4195): (glucokinase) This gene encodes a member of the hexokinase family of proteins. Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. In contrast to other forms of hexokinase, this enzyme is not inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate but remains active while glucose is abundant. The use of multiple promoters and alternative splicing of this gene result in distinct protein isoforms that exhibit tissue-specific expression in the pancreas and liver. In the pancreas, this enzyme plays a role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, while in the liver, this enzyme is important in glucose uptake and conversion to glycogen. Mutations in this gene that alter enzyme activity have been associated with multiple types of diabetes and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]
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ACMG classification
Classification made for transcript
Verdict is Benign. Variant got -20 ACMG points.
BP4
Computational evidence support a benign effect (BayesDel_noAF=-0.85).
BP6
Variant 7-44153475-G-A is Benign according to our data. Variant chr7-44153475-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Likely_benign]. Clinvar id is 36222.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr7-44153475-G-A is described in Lovd as [Likely_benign]. Variant chr7-44153475-G-A is described in Lovd as [Benign].
BS1
Variant frequency is greater than expected in population nfe. gnomad4 allele frequency = 0.00278 (424/152294) while in subpopulation NFE AF= 0.00344 (234/68024). AF 95% confidence interval is 0.00308. There are 4 homozygotes in gnomad4. There are 240 alleles in male gnomad4 subpopulation. Median coverage is 32. This position pass quality control queck.
BS2
High Homozygotes in GnomAd4 at 4 AD,AR gene
Transcripts
RefSeq
| Gene | Transcript | HGVSc | HGVSp | Effect | Exon rank | MANE | Protein | UniProt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCK | NM_000162.5 | c.46-12C>T | intron_variant | Intron 1 of 9 | ENST00000403799.8 | NP_000153.1 | ||
| GCK | NM_033507.3 | c.49-12C>T | intron_variant | Intron 1 of 9 | NP_277042.1 | |||
| GCK | NM_033508.3 | c.43-12C>T | intron_variant | Intron 2 of 10 | NP_277043.1 | |||
| GCK | NM_001354800.1 | c.46-12C>T | intron_variant | Intron 1 of 10 | NP_001341729.1 |
Ensembl
Frequencies
GnomAD3 genomes 0.00279 AC: 424AN: 152176Hom.: 4 Cov.: 32
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GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00375 AC: 939AN: 250260Hom.: 4 AF XY: 0.00380 AC XY: 514AN XY: 135320
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GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00318 AC: 4651AN: 1461064Hom.: 13 Cov.: 37 AF XY: 0.00319 AC XY: 2318AN XY: 726854
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GnomAD4 genome 0.00278 AC: 424AN: 152294Hom.: 4 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00322 AC XY: 240AN XY: 74462
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ClinVar
Significance: Benign/Likely benign
Submissions summary: Benign:13
Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts
LINK: link
Submissions by phenotype
not provided Benign:4
| Benign, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp | Jan 27, 2025 | - - |
| Benign, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | GeneDx | Apr 20, 2020 | - - |
| Benign, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | ARUP Laboratories, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, ARUP Laboratories | Jun 05, 2024 | - - |
| Benign, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Athena Diagnostics | Jul 27, 2018 | - - |
not specified Benign:3
| Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago | Jul 29, 2015 | - - |
| Benign, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp | Jan 08, 2025 | Variant summary: GCK c.46-12C>T alters a non-conserved nucleotide located at a position not widely known to affect splicing. Consensus agreement among computation tools (TraP) predict no significant impact on normal splicing. However, these predictions have yet to be confirmed by functional studies. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0038 in 250260 control chromosomes, predominantly at a frequency of 0.0051 within the Non-Finnish European subpopulation in the gnomAD database, including 2 homozygotes. The observed variant frequency within Non-Finnish European control individuals in the gnomAD database is approximately 204-fold of the estimated maximal expected allele frequency for a pathogenic variant in GCK causing maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 phenotype (2.5e-05). c.46-12C>T has been reported in the literature (PMID: 8454109, 8433729, 8068341). These report(s) do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 8454109, 8433729, 8068341, 7555485, 16963153, 18271687). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 36222). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as benign. - |
| Benign, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences | - | - - |
Maturity onset diabetes mellitus in young Benign:2
| Benign, criteria provided, single submitter | research | Clinical Genomics, Uppaluri K&H Personalized Medicine Clinic | - | Potent mutations in GCK gene is associated with poor secretion of insulin. Its associated with milder forms of diabetes, which can be controlled by diet . However, there is no sufficient evidence to ascertain the significance of rs142829768 in MODY, yet. - |
| Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Ambry Genetics | Feb 11, 2015 | This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. - |
Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Recessive Benign:1
| Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina | Jan 13, 2018 | This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score and internal cut-off values, a variant classified as likely benign is not then subjected to further curation. The score for this variant resulted in a classification of likely benign for this disease. - |
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 Benign:1
| Benign, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina | Jan 13, 2018 | This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score and internal cut-off values, a variant classified as benign is not then subjected to further curation. The score for this variant resulted in a classification of benign for this disease. - |
Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus Benign:1
| Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina | Jan 13, 2018 | This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score and internal cut-off values, a variant classified as likely benign is not then subjected to further curation. The score for this variant resulted in a classification of likely benign for this disease. - |
Hyperinsulinism due to glucokinase deficiency Benign:1
| Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter | clinical testing | Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina | Jan 13, 2018 | This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score and internal cut-off values, a variant classified as likely benign is not then subjected to further curation. The score for this variant resulted in a classification of likely benign for this disease. - |
Computational scores
Source:
Name
Calibrated prediction
Score
Prediction
BayesDel_noAF
Benign
CADD
Benign
DANN
Benign
Splicing
Name
Calibrated prediction
Score
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dbscSNV1_ADA
Benign
dbscSNV1_RF
Benign
SpliceAI score (max)
Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at