rs748749585

Variant names:

• chr11-2161302-G-A
• rs748749585
• ENST00000729705.1:n.174+2388G>A

Your query was ambiguous. Multiple possible variants found:

• chr11-2161302-G-A
• chr11-2161302-G-C
• chr11-2161302-G-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points: 2P and 4B. PM2 BP4_Strong

The ENST00000729705.1(ENSG00000295384):​n.174+2388G>A variant causes a intron change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000575 in 313,284 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.000046 (0 hom., cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000068 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: ENSG00000295384 ENST00000729705.1 intron
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -2.01
• Publications: 15 publications found

Genes affected

ENSG00000295384 (HGNC:):

INS (HGNC:6081): (insulin) This gene encodes insulin, a peptide hormone that plays a vital role in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. After removal of the precursor signal peptide, proinsulin is post-translationally cleaved into three peptides: the B chain and A chain peptides, which are covalently linked via two disulfide bonds to form insulin, and C-peptide. Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (INSR) stimulates glucose uptake. A multitude of mutant alleles with phenotypic effects have been identified, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal diabetes diabetes mellitus, maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 and hyperproinsulinemia. There is a read-through gene, INS-IGF2, which overlaps with this gene at the 5' region and with the IGF2 gene at the 3' region. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]

INS-IGF2 (HGNC:33527): (INS-IGF2 readthrough) This locus includes two alternatively spliced read-through transcript variants which align to the INS gene in the 5' region and to the IGF2 gene in the 3' region. One transcript is predicted to encode a protein which shares the N-terminus with the INS protein but has a distinct and longer C-terminus, whereas the other transcript is a candidate for nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). The transcripts are imprinted and are paternally expressed in the limb and eye. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (BayesDel_noAF=-0.85).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
INS	NM_000207.3	c.-152C>T		upstream_gene_variant		ENST00000381330.5	NP_000198.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
INS	ENST00000381330.5	c.-152C>T		upstream_gene_variant		1	NM_000207.3	ENSP00000370731.5
INS-IGF2	ENST00000397270.1	c.-152C>T		upstream_gene_variant		1		ENSP00000380440.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000460 AC: 7 AN: 152022 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.0000483

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.0000655

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000589

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000682 AC: 11 AN: 161262 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 0 AF XY: 0.0000490 AC XY: 4 AN XY: 81584

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 6260

American (AMR) AF: 0.000140 AC: 1 AN: 7122

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5886

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 13088

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.000100 AC: 1 AN: 10000

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 8768

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 800

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000806 AC: 8 AN: 99244

Other (OTH) AF: 0.0000991 AC: 1 AN: 10094

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000460 AC: 7 AN: 152022 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.0000404 AC XY: 3 AN XY: 74252

African (AFR) AF: 0.0000483 AC: 2 AN: 41390

American (AMR) AF: 0.0000655 AC: 1 AN: 15266

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3472

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5188

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4830

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10616

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 316

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000589 AC: 4 AN: 67942

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2090

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000378

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Hyperproinsulinemia;C1852092:Type 1 diabetes mellitus 2;C3150617:Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10;C5394307:Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal 4 Uncertain:1

Jun 18, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

not provided Uncertain:1

Oct 25, 2023

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Nucleotide is not conserved across species and the substitution has no predicted effect on splicing; Has not been previously published as pathogenic or benign to our knowledge -

INS-related disorder Uncertain:1

Jan 12, 2023

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The INS c.-152C>T variant is located in the 5' untranslated region. This variant can also be described as c.-331C>T. To our knowledge, it has not been reported in the literature. However, other variants at this location or nearby (e.g., c.-331C>A, c.-331C>G, c.-332C>G) have been reported as recessive, pathogenic variants for neonatal diabetes in multiple families due to insulin biosynthesis impairment (Garin et al. 2010. PubMed ID: 20133622; Bonnefond et al. 2011. PubMed ID: 21592955). Functional studies showed that these variants at c.-331C and c.-332C occur at a binding site of Kruppel-like transcription factor (KLF); this change causes a failure of binding Kruppel-like transcription factor 11 (KLF11) and hence inhibits KLF11-mediated INS activation (Garin et al. 2010. PubMed ID: 20133622). The c.-152C>T (c.-331C>T) variant is reported in 0.012% of alleles in individuals of African descent in gnomAD (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/11-2182532-G-A). Although we suspect that this variant may be pathogenic, at this time, the clinical significance of this variant is uncertain due to the absence of conclusive functional and genetic evidence. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.85
CADD	Benign	0.97
DANN	Benign	0.86
PhyloP100		-2.0
PromoterAI		-0.018	Neutral

Splicing

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs748749585; hg19: chr11-2182532;